中国留学之家，中国最优秀的留学咨询公司，全球顶尖大学申请专家！ 09年度全国-MBA英语模拟试题(11)及答案

venkatmba - 2008-7-31 0:35:00

venkatmba - 2008-7-31 0:36:00

Section II Cloze (10 points)
Directions:
Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER HEET 1. Colleges and universities are beginning to change the way they do business, because the “one-text/one-test/one-delivery-mode-fits-all” 30 to instruction is becoming less and less 31 . They are becoming more attracted to institutions like the University of Phoenix 32 greeting is, “We’re a new type of university centered 33 you, the student.” The 34 of this new group of adult learners should not be ignored by institutions of higher education. If this group is dissatisfied, their 35 for the academy will decline. And this______ D. emphasis students are changing. It used to be 21 most students went to college immediately out of high school, left home for the first time to live 22 campus, and completed a degree in four years to 23 in the world of work in their chosen profession, perhaps never to return to the university again. Today, the growing college population are adult students over the age of 25 who are non- 24 , working full-time, perhaps with a family from diverse backgrounds. 25 , they expect the college or university to 26 to their time constraints and to offer courses that are more 27 than just on-campus. Frequently, they view themselves as 28 to faculty and do not want to sit idly at the knees of masters as 29 listeners. The dissatisfaction will spread to 36 students of all types. 37 , it is becoming more and more apparent that the university’s role in developing “life-long learners” is 38 , as with the global economic changes new jobs are replacing old ones 39 such an extent that the ability to be a skillful, 40 life-long learner is a requirement to survive in the world of work.

21. A. how B. that C. whether D. when
22. A. at B. in C. on D. across
23. A. start B. propose C. eliminate D. design
24. A. professional B. conventional C. technical D. residential
25. A. Nevertheless B. Incidentally C. Consequently
26. A. adjust B. modify C. revise
27. A. beneficial B. appropriate C. brief
28. A. equals B. associates C. partners
D. Moreover
D. adhere
D. available
29. A. passive B. cautious D. attentive
30. A. method B. type D. model
31. A. considerate B. ideal D. indispensable 来源：www.examda.com
32. A. that C. whose D. where
33. A. after C. about D. around
34. A. magnificence B. significance C. maintenance D. indifference
B. interest C. mind D. appreciation
B. industrious C. previous D. potential
B. Further C. Therefore D. Thus
38. A. marvelous B. fatal C. critical D. optional
39.A.to B.for C.at D.in
40. A. imaginary B. negative C. conservative D. motivated

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Directions:

Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D.
Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Passage One

There is a widespread belief that the emergence of giant industries has been accomplished by an equivalent surge in industrial research. A recent study of mportant inventions made since the turn of the century reveals that more than half were the product of individual inventors working alone, independent of rganized industrial research. While industrial laboratories contributed such important products as nylon and transistors, independent inventors developed air conditioning, the automatic transmission, the jet engine, the helicopter, insulin, and streptomycin. Still other inventions, such as stainless steel, television, silicons, and plexiglass were developed through the combined efforts of individuals and laboratory teams.

Despite these findings, we are urged to support monopoly power on the ground that such power creates an environment supportive of innovation. We are told that the independent inventor, along with the process driven forward by competition. The price variable once perceived as the dominant aspect of the competitive process is now subordinate to the competition of the new product, the new business structure, and the new technology. While it can be assumed that in a highly competitive industry not dominated by a single corporation, investment in innovation—a risky and expensive budget item—might meet resistance from management and stockholders who might be more concerned with cost-cutting, small firm, cannot afford to undertake the important research needed to improve our standard of living while protecting our diminishing resources; that only the huge assets of the giant corporation or conglomerate can afford the kind of expenditures that can produce the technological advances vital to economic progress. But when we examine expenditures for research, we find that more than half of the government expenditure is funneled into military research and product development. There are those who consider it questionable that these defense-linked research projects will account for an improvement in the standard of living or, alternately, do much to protect our diminishing resources. Recent history has demonstrated that we may have to change our long-standing conception of the efficient-organization, and large advertising budgets, it would be a shocking error to assume that the
monopolistic producer should be equated with bountiful expenditures for research. Large-scale enterprises tend to operate more comfortably in stable and secure circumstances, and their managerial bureaucracies tend to promote the status and resist the threat implied in change. Furthermore, the firm with a small share
of the market will aggressively pursue new techniques and different products, since with little supplied interest in capital equipment or plant it is not deterred from investment in innovation. In some cases where inter-industry competition is reduced or even entirely eliminated, the industrial giants may seek to avoid capital loss by deliberately preventing technological progress.

The conglomerates are not, however, completely exempt from strong competitive pressures; there are instances in which they, too, must compete, as against nother industrial leviathan, and then their weapons may include large expenditures on innovation.

41. According to the passage, important inventions of the 20th century
A. sometimes reduced our standard of living and diminish our natural resources.
B. came primarily from the huge laboratories of monopoly industries.
C. were produced at least as frequently by independent inventors as by research teams.
D. had greater impact on smaller firms than on conglomerates.

42. From paragraph 2, we learn that
A. it is reasonable to support independent inventors because they lack capital.
B. it is beyond all doubt that small enterprises alone contribute to promote the living standard.
C. there is no doubt that military research can protect resources.
D. it still remains doubtful whether defense research is the cause of better living. 来源：www.examda.com

43. Management and stockholders might be concerned with cost-cutting rather than innovation if
A. they are faced with strong competition in a field not dominated by one of the industrial giants.
B. they are very stable and secure and hold a monopoly in their industry.
C. they have produced some of the important inventions of this century.
D. they have little vested interest in capital equipment or plant.

44. Which of the following statements is implied in the passage?
A. In the past, important inventions were produced by both individuals and corporate teams.
B. For a better living, the money spent on military research should be reduced.
C. The development of the automatic transmission is not credited to organized industrial research.
D. Industrial giants may suppress innovations to avoid capital loss resulting from obsolescence.

45. The purpose of this passage is to
A. advocate an increase in governmental support of organized industrial research.
B. reveal a misconception about the relationship of the research and the monopolistic power.
C. show that America’s strength depends upon individual ingenuity and resourcefulness.
D. encourage free market competition.

venkatmba - 2008-7-31 0:36:00

Passage Two

What causes panic in people who are seemingly rational? Panic is simply the behavioral outcome of a sudden, hyper-risk reaction, more than an assessment. It occurs when one resorts to extreme egoistical behavior to protect one’s interests kicks in when there is “perceived understanding”—skewed and mistaken as it may be—that a person has to act now and quickly lest his or Panic, in other words, is the opposite of premeditated thinking where costs and benefits are carefully
weighed. If anything, panic is more concerned with costs accrued rather than benefits forgone—creating a cost-dominant thinking that creates decision driven by fear. This is why people will often put themselves under even greater risk just to escape from that over which he or she is panicking. Panic is considered both an inelegant and socially repugnant behavior. While it may result in irrational actions, panic is not necessarily wrong. It is a healthy human biological instinct built into our psychology for thousands of years to keep us safe and sheltered from the harsh environment but it is not used indiscriminately for it is nevertheless meant to be a rare event, driven by human beings’ tendency to generalize patterns of bad events. Since panic is rare, it goes without saying that it has drivers and triggers that only selectively operationalize the human mind to send it into a frenzy. and this behavior her physical survival be compromised.The Gestalt School of psychology, for instance, has argued that the human mind tends to collapse all distinctive parts into general patterns and so, for instance, when a series of dots are laid down in a straight pattern, the “perceiver” will inevitably, albeit incorrectly, jump to the conclusion that the dots form a line. The human mind, in other words, is better at perceiving patterns than at analyzing fragments in isolation. If it sees dots, it instantly connects them. The extent to which a person or a class of people is vulnerable to frenzied behavior is due, first and foremost, to the uneven distribution of knowledge and information, followed by an uneven capacity (often
economic) to control events. Transparent information, which allows for proper risk/cost assessment means that alleviating panic is as much a qualitative issue as it is a quantitative one.

46. The example of the experiment with dots in the passage is used to
C. show that humans do not tend to perceive events in isolation.
A. show how humans analyze the various dots in isolation.
B. show why human beings are often irrational.
D. show why human beings tend to panic instead of stay calm.

47. The author implies that reducing panic
B. that is probably uncontrollable.
C. that always involves a faulty perception of danger when there really isn’t.
D. that is controllable if more information is given. 来源：www.examda.com

49. The term “drivers and triggers” in the third paragraph most probably refers to
A. causes. B. consequences. C. initiators. D. reactions.

48. According to the author, panic is a human condition
A. that only happens when we fail to make balanced assessments.

50. We can learn from the last paragraph that
A. sometimes it may be necessary to hide negative information to avoid panic.
B. more information will not necessarily reduce panic.
C. the efficiency of timely information is a crucial factor.
D. people can be taught to use information more rationally.

venkatmba - 2008-7-31 0:37:00

Passage Three

World leaders met recently at United Nations headquarters in New York City to discuss the environmental issues raised at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992. The heads of state were supposed to decide what further steps should be taken to halt the decline of Earth’s life-support systems. In fact, this meeting between rich and poor, and irrelevant initiatives. Think U.S. Congress in slow motion. Almost obscured by this torpor is the fact that there has been some remarkable progress over the past had much the flavor of the original Earth Summit. To wit: empty promises, hollow rhetoric, bickering five years—real changes in the attitude of ordinary people in the Third World toward family size and a An effort to draft an agreement on what to do about the climate changes caused by CO2 and other greenhouse gases has fared even worse. Blocked by the Bush Administration from setting mandatory limits, the UN in 1992 called on nations to voluntarily reduce emissions to 1990 levels. Several years later, it’s as if Rio had never happened. A new climate treaty is scheduled to be signed this December in Kyoto, Japan, but governments still cannot agree on limits. Meanwhile, the U.S. produces 7% more CO2 than it dawning realization that environmental degradation and their own well-being are intimately, and inversely, linked. Almost none of this, however, has anything to do with what the bureaucrats accomplished in Rio. Or didn’t accomplish. One item on the agenda at Rio, for example, was a renewed effort to save tropical forests. (A previous UN-sponsored initiative had fallen apart when it became clear that it actually hastened deforestation.) After Rio, a UN working group came up with more than 100 recommendations that have so far gone nowhere. One proposed forestry pact would do little more than immunize wood-exporting nations against trade sanctions. did in 1990, and emissions in the developing world have risen even more sharply. No one would confuse the “Rio process” with progress. While governments have dithered at a pace that could make drifting continents impatient, people have acted. Birth-rates are dropping faster than expected, not because of Rio but because poor people are deciding on their own to limit family size. Another positive development has been a growing environmental consciousness among the poor. From slum dwellers in Karachi, Pakistan, to colonists in
Rondonia, Brazil, urban poor and rural peasants alike seem to realize that they pay the biggest price for pollution and deforestation. There is cause for hope as well in the growing recognition among business people that it is not in their long-term interest to fight environmental reforms. John Browne, chief executive of British Petroleum, boldly asserted in a major speech in May that the threat of climate change could no longer be ignored.

51. The author’s general attitude towards the world leaders meeting at the UN is
A. supportive. B. impartial. D. optimistic.

52. What does the author say about the ordinary people in the Third World countries?
A. They are beginning to realize the importance of environmental protection.
B. They believe that many children are necessary for prosperity.
D. They think that earning a living is more important than nature conservation.

53. What did the UN call on nations to do about CO2 and other greenhouse gases in 1992?
B. To draft an agreement among UN nations.
C. To force the United States to reduce its emissions.
D. To cut the release of CO2 and other gases.

54. The word “deforestation” in paragraph 3 means
A. forest damage caused by pollution. B. moving population from forest to cities
C. They are reluctant to accept advice from the government.
A. To sign a new climate treaty at Rio. 来源：www.examda.com

55. Which of the following best summarizes the text?
A. As the UN hesitates, the poor take action.
B. Progress in environmental protection has been made.
C. Climate changes can no longer be ignored.
D. The decline of earth’s life-support systems has been halted.

venkatmba - 2008-7-31 0:37:00

Passage Four

Body weight has risen in defiance of health and appearance norms. A basic theory in economics is that consumers are the best judges of their welfare, that they are insatiable, and that their choices add to the well-being of society—that consumer choices are consistent and optimal over time. The experience of eating in the post-war period belies this optimism. Abundance of food is desirable, but the consequent rise in body weights is not always so welcome. The number of obese people has been rising to “epidemic” levels. From the 1970s to the 1990s the incidence of overweight in the USA rose from 51 to 59 percent for that in an affluent society, the more affluent are less obese. Why is that? Social pressures affect not only the desire to eat, but also the desired body-weight. In poor societies, food is scarce, the poor are thin, and the wealthy are fat. Under affluence, it is slimness that is difficult, and demonstrates a capacity for self-control. If self-control is costly, then the affluent have it more than the poor. In affluent societies, these conditions persist, and the poor tend to fatness, while the well-off are men, from 41 to 50 percent for women. Of American men about one-fifth were obese, and one-quarter of women. Here then is what needs to be explained: eating choices have defied health and appearance norms. They have generated a “cognitive dissonance”, expressed in the contrast between the fashion and cookery pages of weekend magazines. The mismatch between weight aspirations and outcomes can be regarded as a failure of self-control. Affluence is a flow of new and inexpensiveewards. If these rewards arrive faster than disciplines of prudence can form, then self-control will decline with affluence. However, the fact is slimmer. New rewards are thrown up by affluence faster than it takes to master the previous ones, so that overall, despite growing wealth, self-control declines. Obesity shows how abundance, through cheapness, variety, novelty, and choice, can make a mockery of the rational consumer, how it entices only in order to humiliate. The challenge of affluence is to attain the requisite level of self-control. This also puts an unfamiliar face on the question of equity. The backhand of affluence hits the poor more than the rich. The well-to-do have more capacity to pace and defer their consumption and to exercise self-control. From this aspect, abundance does not solve the problem of equity, but exacerbates it.

56. What does the increase in obesity demonstrate according to the first paragraph?
A. The richer you get the less your self control.
B. People are not valuing self control as much.
C. People do not always choose their purchases wisely.
D. Wealth is not good for health.

57. The difference between obesity in poor countries and obesity in affluent countries is
A. the obese in poor countries do not suffer as many health problems.
C. obesity is greater among the poorer people in affluent societies.

58. The author argues that the more affluent are usually slimmer in affluent societies because
B. they have the option to control their consumption.
C. they have more options to exercise and buy healthier products.
D. they relate success in work to success in health.

59. The word “dissonance” (Para. 2) most likely means
A. stress. B. misunderstanding. C. ignorance. D. disharmony.来源：www.examda.com

60. Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?
A. “How Affluence And Obesity Relates” B. “How Obesity Occurs”
C. “Self-Control And Obesity” D. “The Paradox Of Obesity”

venkatmba - 2008-7-31 0:37:00

Section IV Translation (20 points)
Directions:
In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. The question of ethics in the legal profession is one that has plagued industry since its inception. The common image of an attorney is one who will resort to any unethical trick to twist the laws to fit his purposes. , defense attorneys are often 61. In the more specific industry of criminal lawcriticized for advocating on behalf of defendants who are “obviously guilty,” thus becoming oadblocks on the path to justice; much to the contrary, however, defense attorneys provide truth, clearer and devoid of manipulation, presented for the jury’s consideration. Further, the defense attorney is a vital element of the American judicial system, in that without him the defendant would stand no chance whatsoever. Under the constitution, even the most “obviously guilty” defendants are guaranteed the right to a fair trial, involving someone able and willing to advocate on his behalf. Of course, there are bad apples in the industry who are valuable serve that should earn them praise, not scorn. 62. While it is true that every lawyer will do everything within his power to interpret the laws in the manner most beneficial to his client, such a characterization is by no means limited to defense attorneys. The prosecution will do the same thing, employing all his legal knowledge and know-how to establish the guilt of the defendant. 63. In this respect, the vague nature of the law is
highlighted, and it becomes a virtual necessity for each side to use every tool at their disposal, on the assumption that the other side will also use every tool at his. The net result emerges as a positive, in which the tricks of the opposing attorneys cancel one another out, leaving only the unethical and care nothing for actual justice, and whose only concerns are their wallets. 64. Generally speaking, however, without defense attorneys, the system would crumble into a mere machine in which defendants are assumed guilty, without a chance to argue or prove otherwise, and many innocent people falsely charged with crimes wuld be severely punished for transgressions that they didn’t commit. It is a basic fact that the adversarial system of justice in the United States is necessary in
order to ensure the fairest and most unbiased presentation and evaluation of the facts possible. 65. Without defense attorneys, that system cannot be carried out, and would result in a loss of the civil liberties that the nation enjoys and treasures; to that end, all of those who make that process a reality, including defense attorneys, deserve our support and admiration, not our suspicion and disdain.

Section V

Directions:

For this part, you are asked to write a composition according to the outline given below. Your
composition should be no less than 150 words . You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

（1）竞争是社会生活中常见的现象。
Writing (20 points)
（2）我们发现竞争与合作共存。
（3）在竞争时也应合作。

venkatmba - 2008-7-31 0:38:00

全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试

英语试题答案Section I Vocabulary
1. A 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. A
11. B 12. D 13. D 14. B 15. C 16. C 17. A 18. B 20. D
Section II Cloze
21.B 22.C 23. A 24. A 25.C 27.D 28. A37. B
46. C
26. A 29. A 30.C
31. C 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. A 36. D 38. C 39. A 40. D
Section III Reading Comprehension
41. C 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. D 47. D 48. A 49. C 50. B
51. C 52. A 53. D 54. D 57. C 58. B 59. D 60. A

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