中国留学之家，中国最优秀的留学咨询公司，全球顶尖大学申请专家！四六级写作中必用的关键词汇及短语举例分析

venkatmba - 2008-8-17 23:04:00

寡人平时仍然坚持读报纸或者书籍时刻积累我将来自己写作时可以用到的词汇，这个建议希望大家不光是在应试英语的时候很应试的去这样做，应当养成一种习惯，你会发现，几乎所有同学的写作或者口语问题，都是不知道用哪个词，不知道用什么词，并不是语法问题，逻辑问题，那么把那些浩瀚的词库(例如四级要求4500，考研要求6500，托福要求8000，GRE要求12000)加以应用化，精简化，因为很多同学即便单词都会记住了，依然不知道用什么词，至少不能短期反应过来，因为你脑中有太浩瀚的非应用性词汇，一定要在脑子里还要有一个写作词库。下面列举一部分，很适合各个梯度的考试的写作用词，第一，直接面向常用的高频意思表达，第二，更加地道。

　　一些a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of

　　无数innumerable ; countless

　　许多plenty of ; many ; much ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample

　　非常多(大)的tremendous

　　依序列举list in sequence

　　时间词

　　过时的outdated ; antiquated ; outmoded ; obsolete ; anachronistic

　　短暂的ephemeral ; transitory ; transient ; short-lived

　　不合时宜的anachronism

　　可持久的durable ; able to stand wear ; last a long time

　　一再time after time ; again and again

　　初始的preliminary

　　前述的aforementioned ; aforesaid ; former

　　自古到今from ancient times to the present day ; down through the ages

　　年轻人young people ; youngster ; youth ; young adult

　　老式的old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated

　　偶尔from time to time ; now and then ; once in a while ; at times

　　时常often ; frequently ; repeatedly

　　永远的eternal ; perpetual ; lasting throughout life

　　重整办事优先顺序reshape priorities

　　目前so far ; by far

　　一次就可完成的事one-time event

　　正/反意见(opinion)

　　骂yell at ; reprimand ; chide ; scold ; reprove

　　支持support ; endorse ; back up ; uphold

　　谴责condemn ; express strong disapproval of

　　错的mistaken ; erroneous ; wrong incorrect

　　错事wrongdoing ; had acts ; misbehavior

　　做相反的do the reverse of ; do the opposite

　　归咎blame…on ; put the blame on … ; …is to blame

　　瓦解disintegrate ; break up ; separate into small parts

　　支持某一方in favor of ; on the side of

　　不会犯错的infallible

venkatmba - 2008-8-17 23:04:00

意见不和clashes of opinion

　　一致的unanimous ; in complete agreement

　　不恰当inappropriate ; improper ; unsuitable ; inadequate

　　批判criticize ; blame; find fault with ; make judgments of the merits and faults of…

　　我们想念…we are convinced that…; we are certain that..

　　我愿意I incline to; I am inclined to; I am willing to; I tend to

　　有用的useful ; of use; serviceable; good for; instrumental; productive

　　有意义的meaningful; fulfilling

　　他们不愿承认这一点they have always been reluctant to admit this…

　　在大家同意下by common consent of…

　　否定deny; withhold; negate

　　承认admit; acknowledge; confess; concede

　　于事无补of no help; of no avail; no use

　　使…受益benefit…; do good to…; is good for…; is of great benefit to…

　　想法frame of mind; mind set; the way one is thinking

　　想出come up with

　　找出come up with; find out

　　利用use; take advantage of

　　夸耀brag about; boast about; show off; speak too highly of

　　照顾take care of; take charge of; attend to; watch over

　　对…很了解have a deep knowledge of…

　　对抗权威stand up against authority; resisit boldly the authority

　　对…有信心have confidence in

　　说清楚articulate; verbalize; put in words; utter

　　接受…之美意embrace the offer of…

　　累积amass; accumulate; heap up; assemble

　　连系tact; get in touch with; contact with

　　排除这可能性rule out the possibility

　　等于is equivalent to; equal

　　选择choose; elect; opt for; pick; single out

　　发出deliver; give out; hand over

　　绕路detour; take a detour; take a roundabout way

　　禁止进入is kept out; is barred from

　　小看make little of

　　坏了out of order; on the blink; is not working

　　分别distinguish between; make a distinction between; tell…from

venkatmba - 2008-8-17 23:05:00

依靠count on; depend on

　　忽视neglect; give too little care to

　　存在come to be; come into existence; come to birth; come into being

　　考虑consider; take into consideration; take into account

　　考虑到in consideration of

　　用尽力气exhaust one’s strength; use up one’s strength

　　开动initiate; set going

　　准备…brace for; prepare for

　　在于lie in; rest on; rest with

　　主动take the initiative

　　不算exclusive of; not counting; leaving out

　　应该得到deserve; have right to; is worthy of

　　避免avoid; shun; get around; circumvent

　　幻想fantasy; play of the mind

　　以此标准来算by this criterion; by this standard

　　乍看之下at first glance

　　面对in the face of; in the presence of

　　以by means of; by virtue of; by the use of

　　不惜代价at all costs

　　每况愈下from bad to worse

　　承受错误造成的后果in reaping the harvest of his mistakes

　　取得同意…get the go-ahead to

　　不择手段unscrupulously; by hook or by crook

　　想法与作法beliefs and practices

　　内情ins and outs; turns and twists

　　关键时刻the critical moment

　　虽然although; notwithstanding; albeit; though

　　根据according to; on the basis of; on the ground of (that); in the light of; in line with; in accordance with

　　逃避问题evade the question

　　增大enlarge; extend; aggrandize

　　澄清clarify; make clear

　　赔偿compensate for; give…as compensation for

　　实现carry out; implement; realize; make…come true

　　假定suppose; assume; postulate; hypothesize

　　极端的radical; extreme

　　极端的措施drastic measures

　　剩下的the rest; the remainder; what is left

　　换言之in other words; put another way

　　结果result; aftermath; consequence

venkatmba - 2008-8-17 23:05:00

优点advantage; strength; strong point; merit; benefit

　　简言之put simply; in short; in brief; in a nutshell

　　举例而言for instance; for example; to illustrate; let us cite 特别是an illustration; to cite a concrete case

　　特别是especially; more than others; particularly; in particular

　　既然…now that…; seeing that…

　　迹象inkling; hint; clue; a slight suggestion

　　缺点disadvantage; demerit; shortcoming; drawback; weakness

　　除去do away with; eliminate; remove; get rid of

　　缺少for lack of; for a deficiency of

　　毕竟after all; all in all

　　范围scope; field; realm

　　潜力potential;

　　行为conduct; behavior; doings

　　隔绝isolate; insulate

　　分辨出identify; recognize

　　不易懂的elusive; hard to understand

　　展开unfold

　　回馈feedback

　　主导的人物a dominant figure; a controlling man; the most influential person

　　观点viewpoint; point of view; perspective; standpoint

　　正在进行中is underway

　　只是一种姿态is merely a gesture

　　立场position; stand; stance

　　意向inclination; leaning; intention

　　特权privilege; a special right

　　来自stem from; come from

　　一件事的不同说法alternative statements of fact

　　交织intertwine; interweave

　　好奇心the eager desire to know; curiosity

　　尊敬respect; esteem; think highly of

　　顽固的headstrong; obstinate; stubborn

　　暗淡的gloomy; dark; dim

　　巨大的huge; gigantic; colossal; vast; enormous; tremendous

　　探索explore; fathom

　　执行carry out; execute; do

　　现代modern times; modern age; contemporary age

　　偏见prejudice; bias; partiality; predilection

　　混乱chaos; commotion; confusion; disturbance; tumult

　　无弹性(僵硬)rigid

venkatmba - 2008-8-17 23:05:00

无缺点的flawless; airtight

　　无药可救incurable

　　无法避免的unavoidable; inevitable

　　细密的计划elaborate plan

　　取消cancel; annul; abolish

　　解药a cure for…; a remedy for;

　　谜puzzle; riddle; enigma

　　机会平等equality of opportunity

　　较有影响力的国家a predominant country

　　遵守abide by; conform to; observe; comply with

　　热情的passionate; ardent; zealous

　　模糊的ambiguous; vague; obscure

　　影响长远的far-reaching

　　失望despair; loss of hope; without hope

　　幼稚childish; childlike; na飗e

　　挑剔的picky; choosy; fastidious

　　破坏destroy; ruin; break to pieces; devasate

　　技巧的skillful; adept; dexterous

　　警觉的alert; watchful; on guard; wary of

　　忍受bear; put up with; endure; stand

　　证据evidence; facts; proof; grounds; testimony

　　很容易地easily; with little problem; with little hindrance

　　令人惊讶的amazing; astonishing; astounding

　　生动的报导vivid description

　　争取compete for; try hard to win

　　遗产heritage; legacy; inheritance

　　保护protect; safeguard; preserve; shelter

　　了解understand; comprehend; catch the meaning of; catch on

　　汇露reveal; make known; disclose

　　放大amplify; magnify; enlarge

　　动力impetus; driving force; momentum

　　自满的complacent

　　第一流的first-rate; excellent

　　安全处refuge; asylum; haven; sanctuary

　　强调emphasize; stress; highlight

　　短视的决定short-sighted decision

　　真正的genuine; authentic; real

　　怪异的eccentric; peculiar; odd

　　明显的distinct; clear; explicit; obvious

　　得到…的注意capture one’s attention

　　事事干涉的meddlesome; interfering

　　背景setting; background

venkatmba - 2008-8-17 23:05:00

假的fake; false; counterfeit

　　夸大报导dramatize

　　退步setback

　　古人the ancients

　　古老的old; ancient; archaeic

　　逃犯infringe (on); violate

　　使害怕intimidate; frighten

　　带来生气enliven

　　对手rival

　　吸引人的intriguing

　　旁观者onlooker

　　准确地说to be exact; to be precise; precisely

　　突然醒悟it dawned on me that

　　仔细思考之后after long deliberation; after careful thought

　　对比及其相关用词

　　可互换的interchangeable

　　可与…相比is comparable with (to)

　　普遍的prevailing; common; prevalent

　　是一个对比is a sharp contrast to

　　比作is likened to; is compared to

　　多样化的heterogeneous

　　单一性的homogeneous

　　一般而言in general; generally speaking; by and large

　　满于现状be happy with what you are

　　预测未来project into the future

　　另一个观点是… another way of looking at the matter is…

　　不宜取笑… it is not decent to make fun of…

　　评估社会文化因素 assess (evaluate) sociocultural factors

　　那并非说… that does not mean that…

　　那有这回事 there is no such thing as

　　一个有待克服的困难是… a major hurdle for us to overcome is…

　　由…造成 caused by; attributable to; due to; resulting from

　　由…组成 is made up of…; is comprised of; consist

　　必须从两方面考虑此问题this problem needs to be considered on two dimensions:

　　限制limit; restrict; refrain; restrain; keep within limits; confine; keep in check

　　一般人认为… conventional wisdom suggests that…

　　这方法有陷阱the method had pitfalls:

　　说服convince; persuade; cause to believe

　　具体的specific; concrete; tangible

　　刻意的intentional; on purpose; intended

venkatmba - 2008-8-17 23:05:00

费时间去了解…take time to acquaint oneself with…

　　…是此问题的核心 …is at the root of the issue

　　无法估计is beyond calculation; incalculable

　　无资格的disqualified

venkatmba - 2008-8-17 23:09:00

1). 近年来大学入学率逐年上升

　　2). 大学扩招的益处及潜在问题

　　3). 我对大学扩招的看法

　　2. 头脑风暴；充实例子

　　第一段引入主题：高校扩招。

　　第二段分析高校扩招的益处：

　　缓解了父母和高中生们的心理压力；提高全国教育水平；培养更多有专长的人才。

　　第三段扩招造成的一些问题：

　　造成大学里师资和教学设施短缺；使就业市场竞争更加激烈。

　　第四段阐述我的观点。

　　3. 调动词藻；丰富句型

　　enrollment expansion；admitting more students into universities

　　Recent years has witnessed a steady increase in college enrollment.

　　High-school students welcome the practice, for they would have better chance of receiving higher education.

　　With a growing number of students enrolled, a tough issue most universities face is inadequate teaching staff and facilities.

　　However, one can never equate a college degree with a better job or future.

　　4 卷面整洁；细致检查

　　In recent years, there is a steady increase in college enrollment. To many high-school students, it's definitely good news， for they would have better chance of receiving higher education.

　　You don't have to look very far to find out the advantages of the increased college enrollment. For one thing, it lessens the worries of both high school graduates and their parents. Besides，increased college enrollment can contribute to raise the educational level of our nation. What's more, increased college enrollment can provide more students with specialized knowledge, thus serving our development in a positive way.

　　On the other hand, we can not deny that there are some potential problems about increased college enrollment. To begin with, with the increased number of students, the shortage of teaching staff and facilities becomes clearly seen. Worst of all, increased college enrollment leads to increased competition in the job market.

　　It's not an easy task to tell whether the tendency should be encouraged. As to me, it's laudable to grant more students higher education. But a college degree is by no means a guarantee for a better job or future. To cast a promising career, we need a lot more abilities which we can not learn from college.

　　(四)临阵磨枪：

　　1.开头的写法：万事开头难，写作文也是如此，但文章的开头很重要。常用的方法有以下几种：

　　(1) 背景法：说明事件发生的时间、地点、情景等背景。

　　例如：I was once spending the summer holiday in a small seaside village in the South of China. It was a beautiful and quiet place. People do not usually go there.

venkatmba - 2008-8-17 23:18:00

(2) 人物法：交代文章所要描述的主要人物或有关人物。

　　例如：Once upon a time, there was an old honest man named Hans. ... He lived in a tiny cottage all alone, and every day he worked in his garden. ... ...

　　(3) 主题句法：提出一个观点或论据作为文章要阐明或论述的主题。

　　(4) 问题法：用提问的方式来引出文章的内容，以引起读者的注意力。例如： What is the nature of the scientific attitude? What is the harmfulness of fake commodities?

　　(5) 惊语法：用令人感到惊奇的句子开头，激起读者的兴趣。例如：A 39-story building in construction collapsed in the city yesterday.

　　(6) 故事法：以讲故事的形式作为文章的开头，在此基础上展开文章。多用语记叙文，也可用语议论文。例如在"A Day to Remember", "The Man I Respected Most"这样的文章中就可以用这样的方法开头。

　　(7) 数据法：引用已经被证实的数字来引起话题。例如， "Smoking"一文可以这样开头：It is reported that 1.5 billion people in the world smoke.

　　(8) 引语法：引用名人名言或常见习语、谚语等作为文章的开头。例如：Rome was not built in a day. A little learning is a dangerous thing. Every coin has two sides. A friend in need is a friend indeed. etc.

　　(9) 定义法：常见于对标题下定义，然后通过举例、逻辑推理等方法加以详细说明。例如： A true good student is one who possesses good morality, sound health, perfect knowledge and various abilities.

　　2. 正文的写法

　　(1) 演绎法：(deductive organization)

　　从一般到个别。把带普遍性和概括性的句子放在段首，段落中其他的句子就是对主题句的具体化，是对主题句的具体说明。

　　(2) 归纳法：(inductive organization)

　　从特殊到一般。具体、个别的事例出发，总结出一般的规律。

　　3.结尾的写法

　　(1) 简要评价或作结论：文章的最后几句概括全文内容，并进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者的观点。例如：In short, we can say that science to human being is like food to our bodies. Science frees us from the bandage of Nature. Science itself is innocent, but sometimes man has misused it.

　　(2) 重复主题句：回到文章的中心思想或主题句上，达到再次肯定或强调的效果。

　　(3) 用反问句结尾：虽然形式是疑问句，但意义是肯定的，具有很明显的强调作用，能引起读者的思考。例如：If there were no homework on weekends, students would come to school on Monday well refreshed and willing to work. Isn't that both beneficial to students and teachers?

　　(4) 提出展望或希望：对未来提出展望或希望，号召读者为此而行动。例如：Dear fellows, let's unite as one to fight for the prosperity of our motherland. Let's shoulder our responsibilities and fight for the happiness of the whole world.

　　(5) 引用名人名言、谚语、常用习语结尾。例如： "Early to bed and early to rise makesa person healthy, wealthy and wise."

　　4.写作必备句型

　　1. It is indisputable that(无可争辩)there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.

　　2 No one can deny the fact (没有人能否认)that a person's education is the most important aspect of his life.

venkatmba - 2008-8-17 23:18:00

3. In fact, we have to admit the fact (我们必须承认)that the quality of life is as important as life itself.

　　4. This view is now being questioned by more and more people. (正受到越来越多人的质疑)

　　5. The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years. (近些年引起了广泛关注)

　　6. Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem. (但是它也存在它的问题)

　　7. There is a general debate on the campus today(校园里进行着广泛的争论)over the phenomenon of college or high school students' doing a part-time job.

　　8. According to a recent survey, a growing number of people express a strong desire (根据最近的一项调查，越来越多的人表达了一种强烈愿望)to take another job or spend more time on their job in order to get more money to support their family.

　　9. There is a growing tendency (呈增长的势头)for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.

　　10. Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts. (然而他们也不可避免的带来了一些负面影响)

　　11. These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it. (这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免)

　　12. In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally(我们应理智考虑这一问题)and place more emphases on peasants' lives. Any government that is blind to this point will pay a heavy price. (任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价)

　　13. Many people seem to overlook the basic fact(许多人似乎忽视了这个基本事实) the major function of clothing is to keep us warm and comfortable.

　　14. "The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances they want, and if they cannot find them, make them." Such is the remark made by Bernard Shaw, a great writer. / One of the great early writers wrote that: (著名作家萧伯纳曾说过) This view has been shared now by more and more people.

　　15. As for me, I'm in favor of the opinion(我同意这一观点)that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons: (理由如下)

　　16. Although people's lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, (但必须承认)shortage of funds is still one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face(学生们面临的最大问题之一) because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day.

　　17. In view of such serious situation(考虑到这些严重的状况), environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.

venkatmba - 2008-8-17 23:18:00

18. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion(通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论)that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages(远大于缺点) and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

　　19. From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced(通过以上讨论，我完全相信)that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.

　　20. Although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldn't be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. (尽管额外学习的确有很多优点，但它的缺点不可忽视，且远大于它的优点)It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.

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