venkatmba - 2008-8-18 0:03:00
一.四级考试对写作的要求cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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《大学英语教学大纲》和《大学英语课程教学基本要求》都对培养学生的英语写作能力做了明确规定,即学生能在半小时内完成120字左右的短文,包括书信等应用问题写作,要求文理基本通顺,表达思想清楚,无重大语法错误。通过分析历年的真题,我们不难发现:英语作文考查的类型基本包括议论文(一般为三段论式的论说文字),说明文(目前侧重于这方面的写作训练),图表作文(要求描述性的语言要贴近图表信息,真实反映语言水平)和应用文写作(包括书信、便条、通知、海报等)。cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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二.四级改革和写作变化cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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2005年1月的作文题目是要求学生以导游的身份写一篇演讲稿,不仅包含欢迎辞(表态)行程安排,(说明),而且包含安排的理由(说理)。2005年6月作文题目是校园文化旅游,要求学生就此阐述不同的观点。2006年1月是个竞选演说,如果我当选学生会主席,我会给大家做点什么事情(说明)。2006年6月17日的四级考试则是一个海报,要求考生构想一个招募志愿者的海报,其中包括应聘人必备的资历和应准备的材料等(说明)。2006年6月24日新题型的作文是传统的议论文形式,讨论大学生选择任课老师相关的问题。2007年1月作文也是传统的议论文形式,探讨对春节晚会所持的不同观点。2007年6月份是欢迎同学加入俱乐部的海报(应用文)。cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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从上面的题目变化趋势看,描述现象、分析原因、个人看法仍是四、六级考试写作部分主要考查的重点,在今后相当长的时间内,英语写作教学和辅导的主要突破口应集中在说明文、议论文和应用文上。cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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此外,仔细研究06年6月24日以后的四级试卷,我们还可发现,新四级的写作题目与校园生活密切相关,学生普遍感觉亲切,体裁包括两篇议论文,一篇应用文。不仅如此,新四级写作题中提供的文章框架清晰,思路比较明确,绝大多数考生都能利用“经典句型”或“万能模板”写出及格的作文。尽管新四级前两次都考查了议论文,但这并不能说明写作的重心有任何偏移。根据考试改革方案和课程教学要求的相关规定,应用文写作、说明文和议论文仍将是新四级作文的主攻方向。cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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三.四级写作高分策略cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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新四级考试并没有改变对写作的测试标准和要求,但在出题顺序上却做了明显的调整:写作作为第一项考查的内容,被提到新四级试卷的最开头,这令许多考生感觉不适应,部分网友甚至认为这是在折腾考生。其实,提高写作能力虽然较难,但写作教学却是一片大有可为的沃土。在过去十多年的英语写作辅导中,笔者坚持认为:考生如果坚持做到如下几点,就不难在规定的时间内写出一篇成功的英语作文。cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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1.了解英语写作的测试目的,准确把握题目的要求cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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英语写作测试,其实主要还是要考查学生组织英语语言的能力,和用英语表达思想的能力,体裁不外乎议论文,说明文和应用文,主题也是在大学生熟知话题基础上的翻新或扩展。综观历年的四级作文真题,变化趋势是从三段论的议论文向实用性更强的应用文体,尤其是书信写作方面倾斜。考生平时应有意识地就他们感兴趣的一些话题进行思考和拓展,争取在实践中磨练敏锐的审题能力。cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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2.迅速梳理写作的思路,列出并借助提纲进行写作cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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到了大学阶段,学生还是非常善于思考的,他们不仅想象力非常丰富,晚上做梦,还经常daydream,各有独特的思维和写作思路。但是,如何将千头万绪的思路梳理清楚,学生则必须有真工夫。为此,在进行四级写作时,考生一定要首先形成自己的观点,之后合理运用一些手段,如常用的有四种:陈述理由、举例说明、提供数据、下定义等,之后充分就此展开论说。这样通过高效思考,严密组织,再辅以提纲形式的文章架构,考生一定会写出较符合规范的文章。cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
venkatmba - 2008-8-18 0:03:00
1、It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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She had said what it was necessary to say.cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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2、强调句型cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us.cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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3、"All+抽象名词"或"抽象名词+itself"(very+形容词)cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
He was all gentleness to her.cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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4、利用词汇重复表示强调cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
A crime is a crime a crime.cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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5、"something(much)of"和"nothing(little)of" "something of"相当于"to some extent",表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中,则为"anything of ",可译 为"有点","略微等。""译为毫无","全无"。"much of"译为"大有","not much of"可译为"算不上","称不上","little of"可译为"几乎无"。something like译为"有点像,略似。"cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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6、同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物,"of"以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语,以修饰"of"后面的那个名词。如"her old sharper of a father",可译为:"她那骗子般的父亲"。cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
Those pigs of girls eat so much.cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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7、as…as…can(may)becC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
It is as plain as plain can be.cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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8、"It is in(with)…as in(with)"cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
It is in life as in a journey.cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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9、"as good as…"相等于,就像,几乎如;实际上,其实,实在。cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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10、"many as well…as"和"might as well …as" "many as well…as"可译为"与其……,不如……,更好","以这样做……为宜","如同……,也可以……"等等。"might as well …as"表示不可能的事,可译为"犹如……","可与……一样荒唐","与其那样不如这样的好"等等。cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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11、"to make…of"的译法(使……成为……,把……当作)cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
I will make a scientist of my son.cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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12、oo…+不定式",not(never)too…+不定式","too…not+不定式cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
She is too angry to speak.cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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13、only(not, all, but, never) too …to do so "和"too ready (apt) + to do"结构中,不定式也没有否定意义,凡是"not","all""but等字后+"too…to,"不定式都失去了否定意义,在"too ready(apt) +to do"结构中,不定式也没有否定意义。cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
You know but too yell to hold your tongue.cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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14、"no more …than…"句型cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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15、"not so much…as"和"not so much as …"结构,"not so much…as"="not so much as …",其中as有进可换用but rather,可译为:"与其说是……毋须说是……"。而"not so much as"="without(not)even,"可译为"甚至……还没有"。cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it .cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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16、"Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"结构,"Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"都具有最高级比较的意思,"Nothing I"可换用"no","nobody","nowhere","little","few","hardly","scarcely"等等,可译为"没有……比……更为","像……再没有了","最……"等。cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
Nothing is more precious than time.cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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17、"cannot…too…"结构,"cannot…too…"意为"It is impossible to overdo…"或者,即"无论怎样……也不算过分"。"not"可换用"hardly","scarcely"等,"too"可换用"enough","sufficient"等cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
You cannot be too careful.cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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18、"否定+but "结构,在否定词后面的"but",具有"which not","who not","that not",等等否定意义,构成前后的双重否定。可译成"没有……不是"或"……都……"等cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
venkatmba - 2008-8-18 0:04:00
19、"否定+until (till)"结构,在否定词"no","not","never","little","few","seldom"等的后边所接用的"until/till",多数情况下译为"直到……才……","要……才……",把否定译为肯定。cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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20、"not so…but"和"not such a …but"结构,这两个结构和"否定+but"的结构差不多,不同之点是这两个结构中的"but"是含有"that…not"意味的连续词,表示程度。可译为"还没有……到不能做……的程度","并不是……不……","无论怎样……也不是不能……"等。cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
He is not so sick but he can come to school.cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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21、"疑问词+should…but "结构,这个结构表示过去的意外的事,意为"none…but",可译为"除了……还有谁会……","岂料","想不到……竟是……"等。cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
Who should write it but himself?cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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22、"who knows but (that)…"和"who could should…but"结构,这个结构是反问形式,一般意译为"多半","亦未可知"等等,有时也可直译。cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
Who knows but (that) he may go?cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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23、"祈使句+and"和"祈使句+or"结构,"祈使句+and"表示"If…you…","祈使名+or"表示"if…not…,you。cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
Add love to a house and you have a home. Aad righteousness to a city and you have a community. Aad truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school.cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
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24、"名词+and"结构,在这个结构中,名词等于状语从句,或表示条件,或表示时间。cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8
A word, and he would lose his temper.cC?5k}Ðöbforum.liuxuehome.comyÁSç0+8