GRE英语攻略—Analytical分析
逻辑部分主要有两种类型的题目:分析题(Analytical reasoning)和逻辑单题(Logical reasoning)。机考的逻辑部分有35道题,时间延长到60分钟,因此题目的难度较笔试时略深。BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
1、分析题(Analytical reasoning)BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
第一组分析题1—7个小问题组成。可以按下面这五个步骤操作:BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
1)读题,找出所有条件或游戏规则BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
2)用符号、图形表示条件BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
3)检查符号、条件是否完整、正确BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
4)对条件进行必要的合并或推导BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
5)开始解题,各个击破BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
解题的关键是第二步,即用符号、图形正确完整地表示条件。其中要注意以下几点:BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
1)每一个因素都由一个单独符号表示,如4个M应写成MMMM,而不是4MBxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
2)当两个或多个因素总不在一起时,也应相应地表示,比如“A空格B”BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
3)假设条件(“如果……那么……”)用箭头表示,“如果”的成分在左,“那么”的成分在右,如“A=>B”BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
4)遇到难以用符号或图形表示的条件时,要特别标出,以免解题时忘记。BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
例:BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
a)in a box of candies, for are brown, three are white, and two are red可以表示为:BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
BBBB WWW RR (注:B=Brown, W=White, R=Red)BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
b)Bernice must enter before Erin.可以表示为:BBxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
c)Carol and Sue always sit together.可以表示为:CS或SCBxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
d)If Fred participates, then Greg participates.可以表示为F=>GBxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
e)David cannot attend unless Pamela also attends.可以表示为D=>PBxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
f)Oranges and limes must be displayed on adjacent shelves.可以表示为:OL或LOBxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
需要注意的是,在表示假设条件时,往往需要把原条件的逆否公式也一并写出,有利解题。BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
第四步也很重要。首先要挑出限制最多的因素,这往往是解题的突破口。BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
当现有条件不能直接提供任何解题思路时,则表明条件需要做进一步的推导。在解题时还应注意到“COULD”和“MUST”的区别。题干中如包含“COULD”则需要将选项一一排除,而题材干中包含“MUST”则可以直接由条件推导出正确结果。BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
2、逻辑单题(Logical reasoning)BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
单题通常由一段论证和问题组成,测试考生将论证分解并理清各部分之间逻辑关系的能力。谁由结论(Conclusion)、论据(即原题明确说出的证据,Premise)和假设(即原题中没有明确说出的证据,Assumption)组成。BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
解题时最好先看问题,再读论证,然后标出结论、论据和假设等,最后才开始找答案。结论一般由这些词引导:therefore, thus, hence, then, consequently, as a result。而论据则由because, since, if, given that, in view of, assume, suppose等词引导。BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
单题中有这样一些类型:BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
1)Conclusion(结论型)BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
要求重述或补充结论。一般会这样设问:BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
a)The main point of the passage is that……BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
b)Which of the following best states the author’s conclusion in the passage above……BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
c)Which of the following statements is best supported by the statements above?BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
d)Which of the following best states the author’s main point?BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
做结论型题时,应排除超越原题内容、范围或文字过于偏激的选项。BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
2)Inference(演绎型)BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
要求考生找出原题中的住处所支持的一切观点。有时它可以和结论型题重合,有时比后者范围更广。这类问题的设问中往往会有如下字样:infer, imply, implicit, most reasonably, must also be true等。BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
3)Assumption(假设型)BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
要求找出使原题结论成立的假设。常见的问法为:BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
a)Which one of the following is an assumption that, if true, would support the conclusion in the passage above?BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
b) Which of the following most accurately states an assumption that the author must make insgroupsto advance the argument above?BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
c)The author depends upon which of the following to draw his/her conclusion?BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
d)On arguing his/her conclusion the author relies on……BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
解题的关键是找出结论与论据之间的缺陷,其它同上。假设型问题可以分3类:取样、类比、因果。BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
4)Strengthen/Weaken(支持/反驳型)BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
所谓支持/反驳,就是要找出与原题材中的假设最相一致/违背的选项。与其它类型不同,在解答这种题时,不能排除言辞极端的选项。相反,在面对两个选项无法决定时,应选择言辞更极端的选项。BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
常见的问法有:BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
支持:BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
a)Which of the following,if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn in the passage above?BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
b)The argument as it is presented in the passage above would be most strengthened if which of the following were true?BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
c)The conclusion would be more properly drawn if it were made clear that……BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì
反驳:BxP^^¼8@´cforum.liuxuehome.com$WȦé/Ìì