.Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves' preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy. 　　虽然古特曼承认，由于奴隶买卖而造成的被迫离散甚为频繁，但他还是证明，奴隶的偏爱——在那些奴隶买卖并不频繁的种植园上被最为显著地揭示出来——在很大程度上侧重于稳定的一夫一妻制（monogamy）。«™6$~_Sî2forum.pre-mbaclub.com‰Oø¨‡æ…é×
　　5.Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged　the transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore，music，and religious expression from one generation to another，a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.«™6$~_Sî2forum.pre-mbaclub.com‰Oø¨‡æ…é×
　　古特曼人令人信服地论辨道，黑人家庭的稳定有助于包括民间传说、音乐、及宗教表达在内的黑人文化遗产一代一代传递下去，因而在维持文化遗产方面也起着至关重要的作用，而对于这种文化遗产，黑奴们不断地从其非洲和美洲的经历中予以丰富发展。«™6$~_Sî2forum.pre-mbaclub.com‰Oø¨‡æ…é×
　　6.This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests， may have derived from　West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.«™6$~_Sî2forum.pre-mbaclub.com‰Oø¨‡æ…é×
　　古特曼表示，这种对于外部通婚的偏爱很有可能缘起于西部非洲制约着婚姻的规定，尽管这些规定在一个和另一个部落群体之间不尽相同，但都涉及到某种对近亲联姻（union with close kin）的禁止。«™6$~_Sî2forum.pre-mbaclub.com‰Oø¨‡æ…é×
　　7.His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racial prejudice as “racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition，” can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews　　in medieval Europe.«™6$~_Sî2forum.pre-mbaclub.com‰Oø¨‡æ…é×
　　该社会学家的命题当被应用于针对美国黑人的歧视时，相对而言尚能适用，但他对种族偏见所下的定义——即“以种族为基础的、针对某个群体的消级的先入之见，而该群体在任何特定的种族竞争地区则被普遍认作一种族”——可被理解成同样也襄括了针对加利福尼亚州的中国人以及中世纪的犹太人这样一些种族群体的敌视态度。«™6$~_Sî2forum.pre-mbaclub.com‰Oø¨‡æ…é×

8. Such variations in size， shape，chemistry， conduction speed， excitation threshold，and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any　　possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience.？？ 　　9.Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved，the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view，namely，that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as “common currency” throughout the nervous system. Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size，number，　　arrangement，and interconnection of the nerve cells，but as far as psychoneural correlations were concerned，the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences. Although some experiments show that，as an object becomes familiar，its internal　representation becomes more holistic and　the recognition process correspondingly more parallel，the weight of evidence　seems to support the serial hypothesis，　　at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.«™6$~_Sî2forum.pre-mbaclub.com‰Oø¨‡æ…é×
　　虽然某些实验表明，随着一个物体变得熟悉起来，其内心再现图像亦更具整体感，辨认过程相应地更趋于平行，但证据的砝码似乎在支持序列假设（serial hypothesis），至少是对于那些不甚简单、不甚熟悉的物体来说。«™6$~_Sî2forum.pre-mbaclub.com‰Oø¨‡æ…é×
　　10.In large part as a consequence of　the feminist movement，historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in　various periods.«™6$~_Sî2forum.pre-mbaclub.com‰Oø¨‡æ…é×
　　在很大程度上，由于女权主义运动（feminist movement）的缘故，史学家近年来汇聚了大量的注意力，来更为准确地确定妇女在各个历史时期的地位。«™6$~_Sî2forum.pre-mbaclub.com‰Oø¨‡æ…é×
　　11.Thus，for instance，it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom，but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin，magnetic dipole，and relativistic effects；and that this corrected　equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of　quantum field-theoretical equations.«™6$~_Sî2forum.pre-mbaclub.com‰Oø¨‡æ…é×
　　因此，举例来说，对数学家而言，了解到下述情形可能会令其惊愕不已，即薛定谔（Schrodinger）的氢原子方程式并非是对该原子作出的一种绝然正确的描述，而仅仅是个近似值，趋近于一个在某种程度上更为正确的将自旋、磁性偶极子、以及相对论效应考虑在内的方程式；而这个得以纠正的方程式就其本身而言也只是一个不完美的近似值，趋近于无穷无尽的一整套量子场论方程式。«™6$~_Sî2forum.pre-mbaclub.com‰Oø¨‡æ…é×

12.The physicist rightly dreads precise argument，since an argument that is　convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on　which it is based are slightly changed，whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions. 　　物理学家恐惧于那些精确无误的论据不无道理，因为某种只有在它是精确无误的条件下才令人置信的论据，一旦它赖于建立其上的假设稍有变化，便会失去它一部的作用；而与此相反，一个尽管并不精确无误但却令人置信的论据，在其基本假设（underlying assumption）稍微受干扰的情况下，仍然有可能是站得住脚的。«™6$~_Sî2forum.pre-mbaclub.com‰Oø¨‡æ…é×
　　13.However，as they gained cohesion，the Bluestockings came to regard themselves as a women's group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres，who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon.«™6$~_Sî2forum.pre-mbaclub.com‰Oø¨‡æ…é×
　　起初，蓝袜女们确实模仿了法国沙龙女主人，将男性襄括到其小圈子中来。然则，随着她们获得的凝聚力，她们渐趋将自己视作一女性团体，并拥有了一种妇女团结意识，而这种意识在法国沙龙女主人身上则荡然无存，因为她们每个人在其自己的沙龙中自视甚高而彼此孤立隔绝开来。«™6$~_Sî2forum.pre-mbaclub.com‰Oø¨‡æ…é×
　　14.As my own studies have advanced，I have been increasingly impressed with the functional　　similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem，at first glance，to constitute such an immense gulf between them.«™6$~_Sî2forum.pre-mbaclub.com‰Oø¨‡æ…é×
　　随着我的研究不断深入，我对昆虫和脊椎动物群落之间的功能类似性印象愈来愈深刻，而对结构上的差异印象愈发淡漠，虽然这些结构上的差异初看上去似乎构成了二者间一条无法愈越的鸿沟。«™6$~_Sî2forum.pre-mbaclub.com‰Oø¨‡æ…é×
　　15. Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances，its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological，and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.«™6$~_Sî2forum.pre-mbaclub.com‰Oø¨‡æ…é×
　　虽然小说无疑起源于政治情状，但其作者则是以非意识形态的方式对这些政治情状作出反应的，而将小说和故事主要地当作意识形态的工具来探讨，会在相当程度上阻碍小说事业。«™6$~_Sî2forum.pre-mbaclub.com‰Oø¨‡æ…é×