GRE听课笔记--阅读(4)

§4题型分类   1主题题型P120Q22´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  【题干】:The passage is primarily concerned with___? The primary purpose of the passage is to__?´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  Which of the following statement best summarizes the main idea of the passage? ……´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  (a)main idea, primary purpose涉及态度´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  (b)main content(summarize, title)涉及对象´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  【解法】:´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  1.直选法,直接找TS改写´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  (a)结构——正评价,新观点,结论,解决方案………´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  (b)特殊语言现象——设问句;大段举例之前的理论说明或举例后的归纳;大段叙述后的转折´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  (c)作者正评价所在句一般为TS´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  2.排除法,正确选项具有以下特点:´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  ①无细节(论据)②有对象(有focus)③态度一致(符合作者态度)´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  3.题干问focus的处理´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  直接找TS,找前不找后,在1~2段的首句之间找´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  4.驳论文argumentation主题题型的动词答案:´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  correct, criticize, refute, challenge, evaluate =critique见到这些词就可以选选项´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  驳论文——对别人观点持负评价´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  5. presentation型文章标志:present, descible, explain, illustrate, point out´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  2细节事实定位题(detail≠focus)´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  1.精确定位——扫描原文,而非扫读´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  a)按题型定位´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  b)按段落定位把握段落结构,注意首句和2句间是什么关系(顺接/转折)´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  c)按选项回文中定位按“大写名词>最高级>唯一性>一般”的次序;对于长的词、生僻的词、名词,若时间不够就放过。´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  2.准确改写正确答案一定是原文的改写´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  a)主动词,动词,动名词正确答案与原文是同义词´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  b)宾语,动词相近看宾语宾语应与原文同义或近义´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  c)范畴一致时间、地点、作用范围、人物群体等一致´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  3.文字对应法´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  选项中出现文中没有的单词,可直接排除该选项,不要做个人推理,注意防止选项偷换概念。首先排除含有段中未出现的最高级、比较级、唯一性、新概念的选项!´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  4.细节的事实定位:细节多次出现,定位首次,因为这里有很多解释,特征点最多;如果所问的对象与focus有关,则应定位TS。´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  5.“than”——选项中出现比较时,必须“原文有比较且有比较结果且结果与选项一致”时才能选。´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  ★正确答案一定是原文的改写,照抄´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  3 In order to题型(serves to, try to, ……)´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  【题干】The author ……in order to__?…the example…in order to__?´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  【解法】:´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  (1)首先定位,找例子前后的总结´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  类型先总结,后举例for example/instance, like, such as……往前定位,总结这句话´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  先举例,后归纳thus, hence, conclusion…向后定位,归纳这句话´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  (2)该“总结/归纳”就是答案´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  (3)如果原文没有任何标志,则前后为顺接关系,按“先结论后举例”处理,向前定位´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  ☆注意与support题型的区别:support题型(选项à原文);In order to题型(原文a选项),题干中出现support的题未必就是逻辑题型。´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  4作者态度题P120Q24´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  【题干】:The author‘s discussion of……can be described as__?´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  Which of the following best descibles the author‘s attitude toward……?´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  consider…as…, agree with…, disprove…´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  【解法】:先看选项,找作者态度,选择答案´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  <1> 判断句表达作者态度´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  <2> 与文章叙述无关的褒贬态度词(可拿去)隐含了作者态度´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  <3> 特殊动词表达作者态度´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  表示作者负评价的一些词:exaggerate =untrue, violate, fail to, ignore, overestimate/underestimate, misidentify, misrepresent´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  表示正评价的一些词:confirm,determine,prove,show,demonstrate´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  注:它们不能直接用于解题´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  <4> 让步语气,限定性语气表达作者态度´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  让步语气:被作者让步的è答案要体现让步语气[答案:a.限定性修饰词;b.体现让步语气]´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  <5> 作者的态度只能有3种且始终一致:①正评价;②负评价;③有让步语气。´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  <6> ETS不会出现极端的态度,不会出现绝对的评价,不会嘲讽、奚落别人,也不会崇拜´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  出现以下词的选项通常错误:´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  态度过好的词:adulatory拍马的, fervent热烈的, fanatical狂热的´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  态度过坏的词:´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  envious嫉恨的, indignant愤恨的, condemnation强烈谴责, derision(deride)嘲弄, defiance蔑视, scornful鄙夷, cynical愤世嫉俗的, spiteful痛恨的, callous无情的, offensive冒犯的, insincere不诚挚的, reproach责备´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  态度过轻、过弱的词:´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  indifferent冷漠的, resigned听任的, detached超然的, ambivalent模棱两可的, facetious开玩笑的, lighthearted心情愉快的, jocular诙谐的´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  程度过重的词:´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  complete, total, entire, absolute, unrestrained, unchecked, unmitigated不缓解的, admittedly无可否认的´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  可能正确的一些限定性修饰词:´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K
  qualified, guarded, tempered, partially, tentative权且, reluctant不完全的, critically批判的´ ²+/´ìforum.pre-mbaclub.comÅӐ{7&dec K