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Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
Bringing up children is a hard work, and you are often to blame for any bad behavior of your children. If so, Judith Rich Harris has good news for you. Parents, she argues, have no important long-term effects on the development of the personality of their children. Far more important are their playground friends and neighborhood. Ms. Harris takes to hitting the assumption, which has dominated developmental psychology for almost half a century.
Ms. Harris’s attack on the developmentalists’ “nature” argument looks likely to reinforce doubts that the profession was already having. If parents matter, why is it that two adopted children, reared in the same home, are no more similar in personality than two adopted children reared in separate homes? Or that a pair of identical twins, reared in the same home, are no more alike than a pair of identical twins reared in different homes?
Difficult as it is to track the precise effects of parental upbringing, it may be harder to measure the exact influence of the peer（同龄人）group in childhood and adolescence. Ms. Harris points to how children from immigrant homes soon learn not to speak at school in the way their parents speak. But acquiring a language is surely a skill, rather than a characteristic of the sort developmental psychologists hunt for. Certainly it is different from growing up , or from learning to be honest or hard-working or generous. Easy though it may be to prove that parents have little impact on those qualities, it will be hard to prove that peers have vastly more.
Moreover, mum and dad surely cannot be ditched completely. Young adults may, as Ms. Harris argues, be keen to appear like their peers. But even in those early years, parents have the power to open doors: they may initially choose the peers with whom their young associate, and pick that influential neighborhood. Moreover, most people suspect that they come to resemble their parents age, and that people’s child bearing habits may be formed partly by what their parents did. So the balance of influences is probably complicated, as most parents already suspected without being able to demonstrate it scientifically. Even if it turns out that the genes they pass on and the friends their children play with matter as much as affection, discipline and good example, parents are not completely off the hook.
26. According to Ms. Harris, ____.
A) parents are to blame for any bad behavior of their children
B) parents will affect greatly the children’s life in the long run
C) nature rather than nurture has a significant effect on children’s personality development
D) children’s personality is shaped by their friends and neighbors
27.Which of the following views is consistent with what the developmentalists hold?
A) Children are more influenced by their peers than by their parents.
B) Twins are quite different if they are reared in two separate families.
C) Identical twins reared in the same home are different in personality.
D) Nurture has a less significant effect on children’s personality development.
28.According to Para. 3, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) It is harder to track the precise effects of parental upbringing than the exact influence of the peer group in children.
B) Immigrant children tend to discard the way their parents speak quickly when they go to school.
C) It has been proved that peers have more impact on children’s qualities such as to be honest or hard-working or generous.
D) It is easier for children to acquire a language at school than at home.
29.The word “ditched” ( Line 1,Para. 4) could best be replaced by ____.
A) proved B) emphasized C) compared D) ignored
30. What is the author’s main purpose?
A) To highly praise Ms. Harris’s work.
B) To counter Ms. Harris’s work.
C) To objectively report on Ms. Harris’s work.
D) To critically comment on Ms. Harris’s work.
26.【答案】D。【试题分析】细节题。【详细解答】第一段第三、四句表明，父母对孩子个性的长远发展所起的作用并不大，对孩子影响最大的是他们的同龄人和邻居。
27.【答案】B。【试题分析】推断题。【详细解答】我们通过对第二段内容的理解，可以发现Ms. Harris 的观点与developmentalists的观点截然不同。developmentalists强调父母对孩子的影响，因而强调教育（nurture）对孩子的影响更大，所以选项A，D不正确。由于Ms. Harris所举的双胞胎例子与developmentalists的观点相反，那么后者的观点应当是：双胞胎在同一个家庭长大则个性相同，在不同的家庭长大个性会有很大的差异。所以选B。
28.【答案】B。【试题分析】细节题。【详细解答】可采取逐一排除的办法。选项A不对，因为第三段第一句话指出后者更难。选项C不对，第三段最后一句说明，尽管要证明父母对孩子的诚实、努力和大度等品质没有多大影响很容易，但是，要证明同龄人对孩子个性的影响更大却很难。选项D与本文主题关系不大。所以选B。
29.【答案】D。【试题分析】词汇推断题。【详细解答】第四段主要讲，父母亲的影响不能完全忽视。例如，孩子在很小的时候家长对他们有指导作用，而且孩子到中年时会更类似于他们的父母。所以选D。
30.【答案】D。【试题分析】作者态度题。【详细解答】在文章中，作者基本上同意Ms. Harris的观点，即家长对孩子的影响并不是人们所认为的那样举足轻重，影响孩子成长的还有外界的因素。但作者认为，Ms. Harris在说明问题时所举的例子不恰当，因为它强调了技能而不是个性（第三段）；虽然孩子们极力要与他们的同龄人看齐，但家长们对他们的早期影响是不可否认的（第四段）。所以选D。
