英语四级阅读理解练习题 第085组
Until the 1980s, the American homeless population comprised mainly older males. Today, homelessness strikes much younger part of society. In fact, a 25-city survey by the U.S. Conference of Mayors in 1987 found that families with children make up the fastest growing part of the homeless population. Many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems—both legal and educational—for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers.
Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,000 to three million. Likewise, estimates of the number of homeless school children vary radically. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis. But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly.
One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count consists of the "throwaway" youths who have been cast off their homes. The Elementary School Center in New York City estimates that there are 1.5 million of them, many of whom are not counted as children because they do not stay in family shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets.
Federal law, the Stewart McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, includes a section that addresses the of homeless children. The educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education.
11. In 1987, the American homeless population was made up of _____.
(A) older males
(B) school children
(C) adults
(D) both A and B
12. The author implies in the first paragraph that _____.
(A) the homeless population is growing rapidly
(B) there is serious shortage of school administrators and teachers
(C) homeless children often move from place to place
(D) homeless children usually stay outside schools
13. The National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are _____ homeless children.
(A) 7000,000
(B) 350,000
(C) 440,000
(D) 70,000
14. One part of the homeless population is difficult to count. The reason might be that _____.
(A) homeless children live on the streets
(B) homeless children have no parents
(C) the homeless are too young to be counted as children
(D) the homeless children are not taken as members of their families
15. The aim of the McKinney Act is to _____.
(A) offer education for homeless children
(B) provide family shelters for homeless children
(C) reduce the number of homeless children
(D) estimate the number of homeless population
英语四级阅读理解练习题 第086组
Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do--especially in a tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come across his desk every day. "It's amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves," he says.
"Resumes arrive with stains. Some candidates don't bother to spell the company's name correctly. Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate, "Crossley conclude. "if they cannot take care of these details, why should we trust them with a job "
Can we pay too much attention to details Absolutely. perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. "To keep from losing the forest for the trees," says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, "We must constantly ask ourselves how the details we're working on fit into the larger picture. If they don't, we should drop them and move to something else."
Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA. "The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time, "says Garfield. "But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal. This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary." knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake.
Too often we believe others' success is some special secret or a lucky break. But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow.
16. According to the passage, some job applicants were rejected ______.
(A) because they eliminated their names from the applicants' list themselves
(B) because of their inadequate education as shown in their poor spelling in writing a resume
(C) because they failed to give a detailed description of their background in their applications
(D) because of their carelessness as shown in their failure to present a clean copy of a resume
17. The word "perfectionists" (Para.3,Line1) refers to those who ______.
(A) pay too much attention to details only to lose their major objectives
(B) know how to adjust their goals according to the circumstances
(C) demand others to get everything absolutely right
(D) are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they do
18. Which of the following is the author's advice to the reader _____.
(A) Careless applicants are not to be trusted.
(B) Don't forget details when drawing pictures.
(C) Be aware of the importance of a task before undertaking it
(D) Although too much attention to details may be costly, they should not be overlooked.
19. The example of the Apollo II moon launch is given to illustrate that ______.
(A) minor mistakes can be ignored in achieving major objectives
(B) keeping one's goal in mind helps in deciding which details can be overlooked
(C) adjustments are the key to the successful completion of any work
(D) failure is the mother of success
20. The best title for this passage would be ______.
(A) Don't Be a Perfectionist
(B) Details and Major Objectives
(C) Importance of Adjustments
(D) Hard Work Plus Good Luck
英语四级阅读理解练习题 第087组
There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for implementing the finding of science.
Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each.
Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comprehend the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover may shock or anger people—as did Darwin's theory of evolution. But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the choice of refusing to hear the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft flying overhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted air; and we do not have the option of living in a non-atomic age. Unlike science progress, technology must be measured in terms of the human factor. The legitimate purpose of technology is to serve people in general, not merely some people; and , not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves. Technology must be humanistic if it is to lead to a better world.
1. The difference between science and technology lies in that _____.
(A) the former provides answers to theoretical questions while the latter to practical problems
(B) the former seeks to comprehend the universe while the latter helps change the material world
(C) the former aims to discover the inter-connections of facts and the rules that explain them while the latter, to discover new designs and ways of making the things we use in our daily life
(D) all of the above
2. Which of the following may be representative of science?
(A) The improvement of people's life.
(B) The theory of people's life.
(C) Farming tools.
(D) Mass production.
3. According to the author, scientific theories _____.
(A) must be strictly objective
(B) usually take into consideration people's likes and dislikes
(C) should conform to popular opinions
(D) always appear in perfect and finished forms
4. The author states that technology itself _____.
(A) is responsible for widespread pollution and resource exhaustion
(B) should serve those who wish to gain advantage for themselves
(C) will lead to a better world if put to wise use
(D) will inevitably be for bad purpose
5. The tone of the author in this passage is _____.
(A) positive
(B) negative
(C) factual
(D) critical
英语四级阅读理解练习题 第088组
Americans have always been ambivalent in their attitudes toward education. On the one hand, free and universal public education was seen as necessary in a democracy, for how else would citizens learn how to govern themselves in a responsible way? On the other hand, America was always a country that offered financial opportunities for which education was not needed: on the road from rags to riches, schooling—beyond the basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic—was an unnecessary detour.
Even today, it is still possible financial success without much education, but the number of situations in which this is possible is decreasing. In today's more complex world, the opportunities for financial success is closely related to the need for education, especially higher education.
Our society is rapidly becoming one whose chief product is information, and dealing with this information requires more and more specialized education. In other words, we grow up learning more and more about fewer and fewer subjects.
In the future, this trend is likely to continue. Tomorrow's world will be even more complex than today's world, and, to manage this complexity, even more specialized education will be needed.
6. The topic treated in this passage is _____.
(A) education in general
(B) Americans' attitudes
(C) higher education
(D) American education
7. Americans' attitudes toward education have always been _____.
(A) certain
(B) contradictory
(C) ambitious
(D) unclear
8. Today, financial success is closely related to the need for _____.
(A) higher education
(B) public education
(C) responsible citizens
(D) learning the basics
9. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _____.
(A) information is our only product
(B) education in the future will be specialized
(C) we are entering an age of information
(D) we are living in an age of information
10. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
(A) The History of American Education.
(B) The Need for Specialized Education.
(C) The Future of the American Educational System.
(D) Attitudes toward American Education.
英语四级阅读理解练习题 第089组
A growing world population and the discoveries of science may alter this pattern of distribution in the future. As men slowly learn to master diseases, control floods, prevent famines, and stop wars, fewer people die every year; and in consequence the population of the world is steadily increasing. In 1925 there were about 2,000 million people in the world; by the end of the century there may well be over 4,000 million.
When numbers rise the extra fed. New lands must be brought under cultivation, or land already farmed made to yield larger crops. In some areas the accessible land is so intensively cultivated that it will be difficult to make it provide more food. In some areas the population is so dense that the land is parceled out in units too tiny to allow for much improvement in farming methods. Were a large part of this farming population drawn off into industrial occupations, the land might be farmed much more productively by modern methods.
There is now a race for science, technology, and industry to keep the output of food rising faster than the number of people to be fed. New strains of crops are being developed which will thrive in unfavorable climates: there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle in Siberia and North America; irrigation and dry-farming methods bring arid lands under the plough, dams hold back the waters of great rivers to ensure water for the fields in all seasons and to provide electric power for new industries; industrial chemistry provides fertilizers to suit particular soils; aeroplanes spray crops to destroy locusts and many plant diseases. Every year some new means is devised to increase or to protect the food of the world.
11. The author says that the world population is growing because _____.
(A) there are many rich valleys and fertile plains
(B) the pattern of distribution is being altered
(C) people are living longer
(D) new land is being brought under cultivation
12. The author says that in densely populated areas the land might be more productively farmed if _____.
(A) the plots were subdivided
(B) a large part of the people moved to a different part of the country
(C) industrial methods were used in farming
(D) the units of land were made much larger
13. We are told that there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle. This has been made possible by _____.
(A) producing new strains of crops
(B) irrigation and dry-farming methods
(C) providing fertilizers
(D) destroying pests and disease
14. Which of these words is nearest in meaning to the word "strains"?
(A) types
(B) sizes
(C) seeds
(D) harvests
15. The author's main purpose is to _____.
(A) argue for a belief
(B) describe a phenomenon
(C) entertain
(D) propose a conclusion
英语四级阅读理解练习题 第090组
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some , such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights—and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
16. According to the author, babies learn to do things which _____.
(A) are directly related to pleasure
(B) will meet their physical needs
(C) will bring them a feeling of success
(D) will satisfy their curiosity
17. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby _____.
(A) would make learned responses when it saw the milk
(B) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink
(C) would continue the without being given milk
(D) would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink
18. In Papousek's experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to _____.
(A) have the lights turned on
(B) be rewarded with milk
(C) please their parents
(D) be praised
19. The babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because _____.
(A) the lights were directly related to some basic "drives"
(B) the sight of the lights was interesting
(C) they need not turn back to watch the lights
(D) they succeeded in "switching on" the lights
20. According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of _____.
(A) a basic human desire to understand and control the world
(B) the satisfaction of certain physiological needs
(C) their strong desire to solve complex problems
(D) a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills
英语四级阅读理解练习题 第091组
We buried Donald Brown last May. He was murdered by four men who wanted to rob the supermarket manager he was protecting. Partolman Brown was 61 years old. In just six months he and his wife had planned to retire to Florida. Now there will be no retirement in the sun, and she is alone.
Donald Brown was the second police officer to die since I became Police Commissioner of Boston in 1972. The first was Detective John Schroeder, shot in a pawnshop(当铺) robbery in November 1970. John Schroeder was the brother of Walter Schroeder, who was killed in a bank robbery in 1970. Their names are together on the honor roll in Police Headquarters.
At least two of these police officers were shot by a handgun, the kind almost anyone can buy nearly everywhere for a few dollars. Ownership of handguns has become so widespread that this weapon is no longer merely the instrument of crime; it is now a cause of violent crime. Of the 11 Boston police officers killed since 1962, seven were killed with handguns; of the 18 wounded by guns since 1962, 17 were shot with handguns.
Gun advocates are fond of don't kill, people do. But guns do kill. Half of the people who commit suicide do so with handguns. Fifty-four percent of the murders committed in 1972 were committed with handguns.
No one can convince me, after returning from patrolman Brown's funeral, that we should allow people to own handguns. I know that many Americans feel deeply and honestly that they have a right to own and enjoy guns. I am asking that they give them up. I am not asking for registration or licensing, or the outlawing of cheap guns. I am saying that no private citizen, whatever his claim, should possess a handgun. Only police officers should.
1. The suggestion the author presents in the passage is that _____.
[A] handguns are the cause of violent crime
handguns are a dangerous weapon
[C] American people's right to own and enjoy guns should be respected
[D] only police offocers should possess guns
2. In paragraph 1,the tone of the author is _____.
[A] calm
bitter
[C] exciting
[D] regretful
3. When did the author become Police Commissioner of Boston?
[A] In 1972
In November,1970
[C] In 1962
[D] Before 1970
4. According to the author,which is true of handguns?
[A] They don't kill.
We should not allow people to own handguns.
[C] Anyone can easily buy a handgun at a very high price.
[D] Handguns can't be the cause of violent crime.
5. The passage is mainly aimed to _____.
[A] persuade the government
describe police officers' death
[C] tell the robbers' means to kill policeman
[D] explain means of people's possession of guns
英语四级阅读理解练习题 第092组
It is a favorable thing to look back at some of the reforms which have long been an accepted part of our life, and to examine the opposition, usually bitter and very strange, sometimes dishonest but all too often honest, which had to be countered by the restless advocates of "grandmotherly" law.
The reforms treated in this book are not the well-known measures—like the abolition of slavery, the reform of Parliament, the vote of women—which are recorded in the standard history books. Here are some of the less familiar struggles which, with one or two exceptions, social historians have tended to dismiss briefly. Yet these old controversies give no less revealing an insight into the minds of our grandfathers than do the major issues of the last century. The pulse of a generation can be taken just as effectively by considering its attitudes to dead wives' sisters, to the fetching of father's beer or even to the sweeping of chimneys. Some of the reforms dealt with were carried out within living memory; none is older than the nineteenth century. They have been selected for the variety of their background and for the fertility (state of being fertile) and stimulus of the opposition against them.
Misguided and complete unreasonable though some of this opposition now appears, it is doubtful whether it will seem any more peculiar, one hundred years hence, than some of the reasons we produce today for continual hardship and injustice. Our ancestors thought it strange that wives should wish to keep their own earnings; our descendants may be astonished at our system which forces a man to maintain a woman, sometimes for life, after a hopeless marriage has been disrupted. It is likely that our descendants will derive as much heartless fun from thought of our divorce laws, and the reasons we use to defend them. They may also think that the indifference of the nineteenth century to death and suffering in the mills was fully matched by that of the twentieth century to death and suffering on the highways.
6. The author says of the reforms that we take for granted that _____.
[A] it is good to look at the arguments agsinst them
it is good that they have been accepted
[C] they were healthier than we now appreciate
[D] we should study the alternative
7. The trouble with the people who were against reforms in the past was that _____.
[A] they were well-meaning in too many cases
all of them were too frequently sincere
[C] they could only be successfully opposed by lawyers
[D] they were nervous
8. The argument over the reforms _____.
[A] were about reforms with more important results than other reforms
concerned reforms equally as important as any other reforms
[C] are more instructive than other arguments
[D] are instructive as regards the nineteenth century
9. As regards different generations' attitudes,perheps _____.
[A] our descendants' opposition to reform will be as absurd as ours
our ancestors' objections to reform will seem justified to our descendants
[C] our case against reforms is even more blind than our ancestors'
[D] our arguments against reform are as unreasonable as our ancestors'
10. The author believes that in the future people will be surprised that in our present society _____.
[A] men are expected to keep their wives with the even after a marriage has broken down
men have to pay money to their wives even after separation
[C] women do not share their husbands' earnings
[D] women expect to be supported by their men
英语四级阅读理解练习题 第093组
Classified Advertising is that advertising which is grouped in certain sections of the paper and is thus distinguished from display advertising. Such groupings as "Help Wanted", "Real Estate", "Lost and Found" are made, the rate charged being less than for display advertising. Classified advertisements are a convenience to the reader and a saving to the advertiser. The reader who is interested in a particular kinds of advertisement finds all advertisements of that type grouped for him. The advertisers may, on this account, use a very small would be lost if it were placed among larger advertisements in the paper. It is evident that the reader approaches the classified advertisement in a different frame of mind from that in which he approaches the other advertisements in the paper. He turns to a page of classified advertisements to search for the particular will meet his needs. As his attention is voluntary, the advertiser does not need to rely to much extent on display type to get the reader's attention. Formerly all classified advertisements were of the same size and did not have display type. With the increase in the number of such advertisements, however, each advertiser within a certain group is competing with others in the same group for the reader's attention. In my cases the result has been an increase in the size of the space used and the addition of headlines and pictures. In that way the classified advertisement has in reality become a display advertisement. This is particularly true of real estate advertising.
11. Classified advertising is diferent from display advertising because _____.
[A] all advertisements of a certain tyoe are grouped together
it si more distinguished
[C] it is more expensive
[D] nowadays the classified advertisements are all of the same size
12. One of the example given of types of classified advertisement is _____.
[A] houses for sale
people who are asking for help
[C] people who are lost
[D] rare objects
13. What sort of attitude do people have when they look at classified advertisement, according to the writer?
[A] They are in the frame of mind to buy anything.
They are looking for something they need.
[C] They feel lost because there are so many advertisements.
[D] They feel the same as when they look at display advertisements.
14. What does the writer say about the classified advertisements that used to be put in the papers?
[A] They used to be voluntary.
They used to use display type.
[C] They were all of the same size.
[D] They were more formal.
15. Why have classified advertisements changed in appearance?
[A] Because people no longer want headlines and pictures.
Because real estate advertising is particularly truthful now.
[C] Because the increase in the number of such advertisements means they have to be small now.
[D] Because there are more advertisements now and more competition among advertisers.
英语四级阅读理解练习题 第094组
An unidentified wit once said, "laugh, and the world laughs with you. Snore, and you sleep alone." Yet snoring is far from a laughing matter, as those unfortunates with good hearing, who are rightly subjected to the sounds of the snoring disorder, will testify.
It has been estimated that one of eight Americans snores; this means that there are approximately 21 million people --- women as well as men - who render an unpleasant sound when they are asleep. And assuming that each snorer disturbs the sleep of at least one other person, it necessarily follows that there are 21 million unhappy listeners. While a sleeping person breathes, either in or out, several structures in his nose and throat generate the snoring. The sounds, coming from the soft palate and other soft structures of the throat, are caused by vibratory responses to inflowing and outflowing air. When the soft tissues of the come close to the lining of the throat, the vibrations that occur are caused by the position of the tongue. In short, the noise made by snoring can be compared to the noise when breezes flutter a flag on a pole. The frequency of the vibrations depends on the size, density, and elasticity of the affected tissues and on the force of the air flow. Although it is usually the process of in haling or exhaling through the mouth that cause snoring, short snores come from the nose of an open-mouthed sleeper. In all fairness to snorers, however, it should be emphasized that snoring is an involuntary out which stops as the offender is awakened.
16. If each snorer disturbs the sleep of one other person,the number of Americans that are unfortunately subjected the sound of the snores will be _____.
[A] one out of five
one out of eight
[C] eight out of one hundred
[D] one out of eighteen
17. The snoring is caused by _____.
[A] the soft palate and other structures of the throat
the inflwoing and outflwoing air through the nose
[C] the inflowing and outflowing air throught mouth
[D] the vibrations as a result of the inflwoing and outflowing air
18. If a person produces short snores,most probably he has _____.
[A] a soft palate
a big nose
[C] an open mouth
[D] a small throat
19. Which of the following statements is true?
[A] The snorers can have control over their act.
Both the listeners and the snorers wish to stop the offensive sound of snoring.
[C] The frequency of the vibrations depends on the position of the tongue.
[D] There are more men than women who snore.
20. The author's attitude towards the snorers is _____.
[A] objective
subjective
[C] sympathetic
[D] annoyed
英语四级阅读理解练习题 第095组
Observe the dilemma of the fungus(真菌): it is a plant, but it possesses no chlorophyll(叶绿素) while all other plants put the sun's energy to work for them combining the nutrients of ground and air into body structure, the chlorophylless fungus must look elsewhere for an energy supply. It finds it in those other plants which, having received theirs free from the sun, relinquish it at some point in their other animals or to fungi.
In this search for energy the fungus has become the earth's major source of rot and decay. Wherever you see mold forming on a piece of bread, or a pile of leaves turning to compost(堆肥), or a blown-down tree becoming pulp on the ground, you are watching a fungus eating. Without fungus action the earth would be piled high with the dead plant life of past centuries. In fact certain plants which contain resins(树脂，松香) that are toxic to fungi will last indefinitely; specimens of tbe redwood, for insance can still be found resting on the forest floor centuries after having been blown down.
1. The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is _____.
[A] Life without Chlorophyll.
The Strange World of the Fungus.
[C] The Harmful Qualities of Fungi.
[D] Utilization of the Sun's Energy.
2. The statement "you are watching a fungus eating" is best described as _____.
[A] figurative.
ironical.
[C] joking.
[D] contradictory.
3. The author implies that fungi _____.
[A] are responsible for all the world's rot and decay.
cannot live completely apart form other plants.
[C] are poisonous to resin-producing plants.
[D] can survive indefinitely under favorable conditions.
4. The author uses the word dilemma(in the first sentence) to indicate that _____.
[A] the fungus is both helpful and harmful in its effects.
fungi are not really plants.
[C] the function of chlorophyll is a puzzle to scientists.
[D] the fungus seems to have its own biological laws.
5. Which word best describes the fungus as depicted in the passage?
[A] Diligent
Enigmatic
[C] Parasitic
[D] Slothful
英语四级阅读理解练习题 第096组
Good sense is the most equitably distributed thing in the world ,for each man considers himself so well provided with it that even those who are most difficult to satisfy in everything else do not usually wish to have more of it than they have already. It is not likely that everyone is mistaken in this; it shows, rather, that the ability to judge rightly and separate the true from the false, which is essentially what is called good sense or reason, is by nature equal in all men, opinions differ not because some men are better endowed with reason than others', but only because we direct our thoughts along different paths, and do not consider the same things, for it is not enough to have a good mind: what is most important is to apply it rightly. The greatest souls are capable of the greatest vices, and those who walk very slowly can advance much further, if they always keep to the direct road, than those who run and go astray.
For my part, I have never presumed my mind to be more perfect than average in any way; I have, in face, often wished that my thoughts were as quick, or my imagination as precise and distinct, or my memory as capacious or prompt, as those of some other men. And I know of no other qualities than these which make for the perfection of the mind; for as to reason, or good sense, in as much as it alone makes us men and distinguishes us from the beasts, I am quite willing to believe that it is whole and entire in each of us,and to follow in the common opinion of the philosophers who say that there are differences of more or less only among the accidents, and not among the forms,or natures, of the individuals of a single species.
6. Accordiog to the author, the three elements that comprise the perfect mind are _____.
[A] tenacity of thought, capacious memory, quickness of mind.
precise imagination, tenacity of memeory, quickness of thought.
[C] quickness of wit, ease of conscience, quickness of thoaght.
[D] promptness of memory, distinctness of imagination, quickness of thought.
7. The basic idea of the first paragraph may be stated as follows: _____.
[A] all persons have an equal portion of good will when they are born.
great souls are capable of great evil.
[C] good sense, in terms of its distribution among persons, may be called common sense.
[D] good sense is the mark of the truly good person.
8. About himself, the author states that _____.
[A] he had always sensed his mental superiority over most persons.
his awareness of his mental superiority over other was something that grew slowly, with experience.
[C] he actually regards his own mental faculties as inferior in many ways to those of the great majority of persons.
[D] he has never had the feeling that his mind was more than average in any way.
9. The author claims that what sets human beings apart from beasts is _____.
[A] a sense of organization combined with the ability to create.
the ability to adapt to the surroundings.
[C] a sense of reason coupled with a strong sense of practicality.
[D] a sense of reason.
10. According to the author the ability to distinguish between the true and the false is _____.
[A] endowed by nature to all creatures .
endowed in equal measure to all persons.
[C] more heavily present in some persons than in other.
[D] an unnatural cultivated trait in all persons.
英语四级阅读理解练习题 第097组
Students who score high in achievement needs tend to make higher grades in college than those who score low.When degree aptitude for college work,as indicated by College Entrance Examination Board Tests, is constant,engineering students who score high in achievement needs tend to make higher grades in college than the aptitude test scores would indicate.
We can define this need as the habitual desire to do useful work well.It is a salient influence characteristic of those who need little supervision.Their desire is a stronger motivation than any stimulation the supervision can provide.Individuals who function in terms of this drive do not"bluff"in regard to a job that they fail to do well.
Some emplorees have a strong drive for success in their work;others are satisfied when they make a living.Those who want to feel that they are successes have high aspiration for themselves.Thoughts concerning the achievement drive are often prominent in the evaluations made by the typical emplorment interviewer who interviews college seniors for executive training.He wants to find out whether the senior has a strong drive to get ahead or merely to hold a job.Research indicates that some who do get ahead have an even stronger drive to avoid failure.
11. What is the main subjuct of this passage?
[A] Student grades in college
Individual motivation for work
[C] The achievement needs of engineering students
[D] Successful interview techniques
12. What is interesting about engineering students who score high in achievement needs?
[A] Their grades tend to be higher than those of other students.
Their college grades are often unusually good.
[C] They show a high aptitude for college work.
[D] They also achieve high scores in the College Entrance Examination Board Tests.
13. According to the passage,individuala with a strong drive to succeed_____.
[A] accept responsibility for themselves
blame other if they fail
[C] are motivated by stimulation from a supervisor
[D] pretended they haven't failed when they have
14. What quality do employment interview look for in college seniors for executive training?
[A] Ability to hold down a job
High achievement needs
[C] Capacity to work hard
[D] constant aptitude for work
15. What motivates some seniors to succeed?
[A] They are afraid of failing.
They like living well.
[C] They want to become executives.
[D] They wish to do research work.
英语四级阅读理解练习题 第098组
The excellence of ancient Chinese bronze casting has never been equaled.Though the earliest bronzes predated the Shang dynasty(1523 B.C---1028 B.
[C] ,general use in state worship ruling elite became common early in that period.Towards the end of the Shang dynasty,bronze vessels were also used in private rituals.After that, and up to 220 A.D.,bronze vessels were widely used as utensils for daily life.
The Chinese made bronzes by methods that differed greatly from those used in ancien Mesopotamia and Greece.Instead of cold-working the alloy to make the shapes assembled around a clay core.The mold sections contained a negative image of the design that had seen carved directly into the clay.To make the vessel,the hot molten alloy (a combination of tin and copper) was poured into the mold assembly and leftto cool.The finished vessel required no more carving.
The decoration of the vessel developed through the years.Early designs had a narrow band of geometric designs,and later designs had complex patterns coveringthe entire vessel.Often the design included stylized dragons,birds,or snakes.Inscriptions concontrasting color to the designs.
16. This passage mainly discusses the _____.
[A] excellence of Chinese bronze vessels
techniques of producing bronze
[C] types of decorations on bronze vessels
[D] time period of the use of bronze vessels
17. It can be inferred from this passage that _____.
[A] commoners shared in worship services with the elite
Chinese scrip was understood by most people
[C] dragons,birds,snakes were feared
[D] the direct-casting process is superior to alloy
18. Around 1525 B.C., bronze vessels probably were used most commonly _____.
[A] in private commonly
for drinking wine
[C] in official ceremonies
[D] as common eating bowls
19. What must happen to all vessels before theyare complete?
[A] The gold and sliver must be inlaid.
The negative image must be carved.
[C] The alloy in the mold must have cooled.
[D] The ancient inscrition must be cast.
20. What does "band" mean in the third paragraph?
[A] A musical group
A picture of ancient instruments
[C] A complete covering
[D] A strip around the edge
英语四级阅读理解练习题 第099组
In 1944 a 22-year-old Army medic(卫生兵) was answering a battle-field cry for help when fragments of an exploding German shell tore into him."Gee doc,I feel like both my arms were blown off,"George Lott told his battalion's surgeon as he staffered into a first-aid station (急救站) near the front in northeastern France.It was the beginning of a painful 5000 mile journey through three hospitals as doctor tried to save the medic's life.
After five operations and two and a half years in Army hospitals, Lott,a righty, regained use of his left arm,but his right was painfully paralyzed."I begged the doctors to cut off my arm,"he recalls.They did.
An orphan since he was two,with a third grade education,Lott has lived on his pension and Social Security(社会保险金) for the past 40 years.In 1962 he bought a house in Albany,N.Y.,not far from the Adirondack Mountains where he hunts and fished.He still has the Purple Heart he was wounded,although he has had a difficult time keeping it.His girlfriends,explains the bachelor,have wanted to wear it.
"Sometimes I still dream about the guys I held in my arms that were dying,"says Lott,"I'm proud that I fought for my country,but I'm still here,drinking beer.The guys who didn't come back are the real heroes."
1. George Lott got wounded when he was _____.
[A] fighting shoulder-to-shoulder with soldiers of his battalion.
fighting with French soldiers.
[C] in a battlefield crying for help.
[D] running toward a wounded soldier who was crying for help.
2. The word "righty" in the second paragraph most probably means _____.
[A] a person who has always been correct in conduct.
a person who has done the right thing.
[C] a person who uses his right hand more readily than his left hand.
[D] a person who has courage.
3. From the passage we can infer that _____.
[A] Lott's recovery was long and painful.
he lost both his arms.
[C] he never got a job after he was wounded.
[D] both a and c.
4. Which of the following is true?
[A] Lott didn't think much of his wartime service.
Lott and his girlfriend are proud that he fought for his country.
[C] Lott feels ashamed that he is still drinking beer.
[D] Lott lost his Purple Heart.
5. Lott thinks that real heroes are _____.
[A] those dying people whom he held in his arms.
those who died for their country.
[C] those who chose not to come back to their country.
[D] those who fought for their country.
