如何解决新TOEFL阅读中的总结题

总结题主要目的：þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
    考查学生理解和识别主要内容和文中所提及重要的信息。þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
这类考题的特点：þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
    有六个选项，你可以从中选出三个最能表达主要思想的句子。这类考题分值是2分，选出三个得2分，选出2 个得1分，顺序选择不影响得分。þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
Direction:þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
An introductory  sentence or  a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the three answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 pointsþËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
解决这类考题的方法：þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
一、清楚文章的论证类型þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
总分型一般容易出这类考题。我以中文为例，丽丽老师是一个非常好的人。首先，她很乐于助人例如一次我看见她扶一个盲人过马路，其次丽丽老师很慷慨，有一次我看见她为希望工程捐了她当时兜里的全部钱（50元），第三丽丽很谦虚和平易近人。þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
这样的文章特别容易出总结题þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
Lily  is  a  nice  personþËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
1、  丽丽乐于助人þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
2、  丽丽扶一个盲人过马路þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
3、  丽丽老师很慷慨，þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
4、  老余捐了100元þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
5、  丽丽很谦虚和平易近人þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
6、  丽丽经常打架þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
正确答案应该是 1、3、5þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
二、解决方法：þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
一）主体词排除错误选项法þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
首先抓住要总结的关键词也就是主体词，就是要问哪方向的内容，如上个例子，主体题丽丽一定会在正确答案中出现，不然问的是丽丽可以答案谈论的是别人，就变得完全不相关了，根据这个特点我们可以排除 4老余捐了100元þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
如OG上的一道总结题可以直接使用主体词排除错误选项的方法þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
The technology of modern cinema evolved at the end of the nineteenth century.þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
1、  Kinetoscope parlors or viewing films were modeled on phonograph parlorsþËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
2、  Thomas Edison’s design of the  Kinetoscope inspired the development of large screen projection.þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
3、  Early cinema allowed individuals to use special machines to view films privately.þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
4、  Slides-and-lantern shows had been presented.þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
5、  The development of projection technology made it possible to project images on a large screenþËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
6、  once films images could be projected,  the cinema became a form of mass consumptionþËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
其中只有三个选项有本问题的关键词，本问题的关键词是 the technology of cinema.þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
二）细节信息排除法þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
总结题是对对文章的高度概括所以细节的出现犯了以偏概全的错误，如中文例子中的2、丽丽扶一个盲人过马路。 这是一个具体的事实细节，我们要绕过例子看总结。所以在排除它。þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
如OG中的一道题目þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
This passage discusses fossils that help to explain the likely origins of cetaceans-whales, porpoises and dolphinsþËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
Answer choices þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
1 Recent discoveries of fossils have helped to show he link between land mammals and cetaceans(这是本文的主题)þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
2、The discovery of Ambulocetus natans provided evidence for a whale that lived both on land and at sea.(总结性信息)þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
3、The skeleton of Basilosaurus are found in what had been the Tehys Sea, an area rich in fossil evidence. (绝对的事实细节)-排除þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
4 Pakicetus is the oldest fossil whale yet to be found((绝对的事实细节)-排除þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
5、Fossils thought to be transitional forms between walking mammals and swimming whales were found..(主题)þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
6、Ambulocetus’hind legs were used for propulsion in the water. ((绝对的事实细节)-排除þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
三）新信息出现排除þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
如6、丽丽经常打架，原文没有出现，所以正确答案中一定没有。þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"
      由于篇幅所限，我们下期在继续谈总结题如何做，以及总结题的几大类型和不同类型的解法，本期讲的只是总结的题通用方式，总结题题型不同，做题方法也不同þËÓ7)œØªforum.liuxuehome.comÅ?à¨Ißá>†"