判断题一直是雅思阅读的最难的题型之一。难点就在于这种题型不仅要求广大考生根据原文信息判断题干的正确与错误。而且还需要判断另外的一个很模棱两可的可能性:Not Given. NG麻烦就在于它是有双重标准的一个可能:首先它可以指的是题干中的信息原文根本没有出现。例如题干中写"他喜欢玫瑰"(笔者碎碎念:咱们暂且不要想象什么样的男人喜欢玫瑰。。。),而原文中写"他喜欢喝酒"(笔者碎碎念:这种男人很容易想象)。
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(这种不沾边的题目是最典型的也是最简单的NG的情况。但是NG还有另外的一个标准:根据原文的信息无法肯定判断题干的对或错。例如:题干中写"他最喜欢玫瑰",但是原文中写"他很喜欢玫瑰"。因为"很喜欢"不一定就等于"最喜欢",所以题干的"最喜欢玫瑰"就有可能成立,但也有可能不成立。这就是出题人所玩的逻辑游戏。
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(从上面的例子我们就可以发现,实际上判断题中最麻烦的就是NG的情况。很多的雅思老师都针对判断题想出了很多的解题方法。力求能够用简单的规律性来帮助大家揭开NG的面纱。但是大家还是经常搞不懂到底什么是"无法判断"。
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(搞不懂就不要搞啦!!
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(实际上大家对NG的执著让我们忽略了另外的一个可能性:只要我们能够把True和False做出来,剩下的就全都是NG。根本就不需要会判断NG.
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(怎么解决呢?我们来看判断题的出题思路。题干与原文一致(包括从原文可以推论出题干)就是TRUE,题干与原文相矛盾就是FALSE。打个比方, 如果题干是正确的话,题干就是原文的双胞胎,是同一个模子里面扣出来的。那么,FALSE的题干就相当于原文在镜子中的样子,左右是完全相反的。这就是我们镜像法做题的出发点。简单来讲,我们拿到一个题目,就直接将它假设为正确的,也就是把它当作原样。同时再思考一下题干的逆命题,也就是与题干左右相反的镜像。然后回原文中带着题干的原样和镜像一起去找。找到原样的话,那么这个题干就是正确的;如果找到的是镜像,那么这个题干就是错误的。如果原样和镜像都找不到的话,那么这个题目就是NG。这样子我们就可以有效地将烦人的NG情况绕过去。
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(让我们用剑桥雅思6中的题目来演示一下:
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(Cambridge IELTS 6
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(Academic Test 1
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(Reading Passage 2
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(18-22
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(18. International trade is increasing at a greater rate than the world
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(economy.
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(镜像:International trade is NOT increasing at a greater rate than the
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(world.
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(题干原样是说 International trade 增长的比world economy快。
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(它的镜像就是International trade增长的不比world economy快。
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(原文:While the global economy has been expanding at a bit over 3% a
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(year, the volume of trade has been rising at a compound annual rate of
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(about twice that.
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(原文写的是世界经济增长3%每年,但是trade增长的是2倍于这个速度。
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(所以出现的是题干原样,所以是正确
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(19.Cheap labour guarantees effective trade conditions.
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(镜像:Cheap labour does not guarantee effective trade onditions.
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(题干原样是说cheap labour可以保证effective trade conditions.
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(它的镜像就是cheap labour 不能保证effective trade conditions.
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(原文:Cheap labour may make Chinese clothing competitive in America, but
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(if delays in shipment tie up working capital and cause winter coats to
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(arrive in spring, trade may lose its advantage.
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(原文写的是cheap labour有可能让中国的衣服有竞争力,但是也有可能最终失去优势。所以就是cheaper labour不能保证
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(effective trade conditions,所以出现的是题干的镜像,所以是错误。
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(20.Japan imports more meat and steel than France.
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(镜像:Japan does not import more meat and steel than France.
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(题干原样说是Japan比France进口更多的肉和钢铁。
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(它的镜像就是Japan不比France进口更多的肉和钢铁。
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(原文:At the turn of the 20th century, agriculture and manufacturing were
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(the two most important sectors almost everywhere, accounting for about
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(70% of total output in Germany, Italy and France, and 40-50% in
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(America, Britain and Japan.
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(原文写的是农业和制造业占德国、意大利和法国总产量的70%,占美国,英国和日本的40%-50%。既没有出现原样,也没有出现镜像。所以是NG。
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(21.Most countries continue to prefer to trade with nearby nations.
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(镜像:Most countries do not continue to prefer to trade with nearby
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(nations.
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(题干原样说是大部分国家继续偏好trade with nearby nations.
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(它的镜像就是大部分国家不继续偏好trade with nearby nations.
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(原文:Countries still trade disproportionately with their geographic
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(neighbours.
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(原文写的是国家依然继续trade with neighbours. 所以出现的是原样,所以是正确。
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(22.Small computer components are manufacture in Germany.
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(镜像:Small computer components are not manufactured in Germany.
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(题干原样说small computer components是在德国生产。
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(它的镜像就是small computer components不是在德国生产。
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(原文:Most of the world's disk-drive manufacturing is concentrated in
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(South-Asia.
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(很明显根本没出现原样或是镜像,所以是NG。
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(从上面的例子中我们看到,镜像只是简单、单纯的将题干加上否定。所以"增长的比international trade快"的镜像是"增长的不比international trade快",而不是"增长的比international trade慢"。这样子我们就可以比较单纯的解决阅读的判断题。题目越难,这个方法的效果就越明显。大家可以尝试。
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(