引言：综合来讲，四级考试内容改革，的确对考生能力提出了更高更新的要求，但是只要考生能认真分析各种题型特点，总结合理应对的方法，新四级也并不可怕。单从翻译部分来看，老四级词汇与结构部分的重要词组，重点语法可能会成为汉译英部分的考查重点，因此考生仍旧应该重视老四级的真题材料。
翻译常见问题和应对政策：
1.理解表达不到位是翻译的最大问题。
2.理解关键在于理解句子的语法结构。
3.表达关键在于用符合英语语言的习惯来做适当调整。
4.加强句法和和词汇基础，持之以恒。
翻译标准方法步骤：
1.标准：准确、通顺、完整。
2.方法：以直译为主适当意译。
3.步骤：
通读全句，准确理解。
分析成分，划分意群。
选择词义，贴切表达。
适当调整，书写译文。
常用句型翻译技巧：
* 定语从句与同位语从句的区别：
1.定语从句先行词可以是任何名词，而同位语从句先行词相当有限，例如：conclusion ,fact ,news ,idea ,belief ,message。
2.同位语从句中 that 不在从句中充当任何成分，定语从句 that 充当一定句子成分。
3.同位语翻译可采用解释法，即先行词后+" I "。
强调结构：还原强调部分，直接翻译。
* 定语
1.分词短语作定语 2.不定式作定语 3.介词短语作定语 4.形容词做定语
上述成分做定语时，一般来说，应把定语翻译在中心词前面。
* 比较结构
1. as...as...
2. not so A as...B
3. rather A，than B 与其说B，不如说A
4. less A，more B 与其说A，不如说B
* 并列结构
两个或两个以上的并列成分有明显的连词标记或标点符号连接，如：
and ,or ,but ,both and ,neither nor ,not but ,not only...but also...等。
* 否定结构
1.部分否定：若否定句中出 all，both，every，each 等类似词语，则表部分否定。
2.形状否定：
例如： His contribution can not be exaggerated. 他的贡献极大。
完型填空 做题七种武器
① 无关词排除
② 逻辑关系
③ 同现：褒义或贬意，作者的含有相同倾向的词
④ 浮现：同一个概念不同词语表达，再次出现
⑤ 关联：and, or
⑥ 时间线索
⑦ 总分结构对照分析
通读文章再做题，第一段第一句话一定要读懂
逻辑关系举例
Close Test 4
Manpower Inc., with 560,000 workers, is the world's largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people 41 into the offices and factories of America, seeking a day's work for a day's pay. One day at a time. 42 industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive 43 reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.
44 its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This " 45 " work force is the most important 46 in American business today, and it is 47 changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive 48 avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens 49 by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of 50 that came from being a loyal employee.
41. [A] swarm
stride [C] separate [D] slip
42. [A] For Because [C] As [D] Since
43. [A] from in [C] on [D] by
44. [A] Even though Now that [C] If only [D] Provided that
45. [A] durable disposable [C] available [D] transferable
46. [A] approach flow [C] fashion [D] trend
47. [A] instantly reversely [C] fundamentally [D] sufficiently
48. [A] but while [C] and [D] whereas
49. [A] imposed restricted [C] illustrated [D] confined
50. [A] excitement conviction [C] enthusiasm [D] importance
只有as 才表达强对比关系
while 可以表达同时发生的，既对立又并列的关系
参考答案：41.A 42.C 43.D 44.A 45.B 46.D 47.C 48. B 49.A 50.D
同现举例
Cloze Test 5
Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They 41 that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 42 man. But they insisted that its 43 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 44 of the English population. 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.
The view, 47 , is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists 48 history and economics, have 49 two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 50 by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.
41. [A] admitted believed [C] claimed [D] predicted
42. [A] plain average [C] mean [D] normal
43. [A] momentary prompt [C] instant [D] immediate
44. [A] bulk host [C] gross [D] magnitude
45. [A] On With [C] For [D] By
46. [A] broadly thoroughly [C] generally [D] completely
47. [A] however meanwhile [C] therefore [D] moreover
48. [A] at in [C] about [D] for
49. [A] manifested approved [C] shown [D] speculated
50. [A] noted impressed [C] labeled [D] marked
参考答案：41.A 42.B 43.D 44.A 45.D 46.D 47.A 48.B 49.C 50.D
同现举例
Cloze Test 3
Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41 kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43 . The new experiments, such as these 44 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 45 of non-REM sleep.
For example, it has long been known that total sleep 46 is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, 47 examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A research has now 48 the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 49 bacterial infections of the blood, 50 their immune systems-the self-protecting mechanism against diseases-had crashed.
41. [A] Either Neither [C] Each [D] Any
42. [A] intended required [C] assumed [D] inferred
43. [A] subtle obvious [C] mysterious [D] doubtful
44. [A] maintained described [C] settled [D] afforded
45. [A] in the light by virtue [C] with the exception [D] for the purpose
46. [A] reduction destruction [C] deprivation [D] restriction
47. [A] upon by [C] through [D] with
48. [A] paid attention to caught sight of [C] laid emphasis on [D] cast light on
49. [A] develop produce [C] stimulate [D] induce
50. [A] if as if [C] only if [D] if only
参考答案：41.B 42.C 43.C 44.B 45.D 46.C 47. A 48.D 49.A 50.B
浮现
Cloze Test 5
Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They 41 that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 42 man. But they insisted that its 43 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 44 of the English population. 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.
The view, 47 , is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists 48 history and economics, have 49 two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 50 by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.
41. [A] admitted believed [C] claimed [D] predicted
42. [A] plain average [C] mean [D] normal
43. [A] momentary prompt [C] instant [D] immediate
44. [A] bulk host [C] gross [D] magnitude
45. [A] On With [C] For [D] By
46. [A] broadly thoroughly [C] generally [D] completely
47. [A] however meanwhile [C] therefore [D] moreover
48. [A] at in [C] about [D] for
49. [A] manifested approved [C] shown [D] speculated
50. [A] noted impressed [C] labeled [D] marked
参考答案：41.A 42.B 43.D 44.A 45.D 46.D 47.A 48.B 49.C 50.D
普通人 average man
关联举例
Cloze Test 6
Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies 41 low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 42 and active. When the work is well done, a 43 of accident-free operations is established 44 time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.
Successful safety programs may 45 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by 46 rules or regulation. 47 others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.
There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safe 48 . The fewer the injury 49 , the better the workman's insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at 50 or at a loss.
41. [A] at in [C] on [D] with
42. [A] alive vivid [C] mobile [D] diverse
43. [A] regulation climate [C] circumstance [D] requirement
44. [A] where how [C] what [D] unless
45. [A] alter differ [C] shift [D] distinguish
46. [A] constituting aggravating [C] observing [D] justifying
47. [A] Some Many [C] Even [D] Still
48. [A] comes off turns up [C] pays off [D] holds up
49. [A] claims reports [C] declarations [D] proclamations
50. [A] an advantage a benefit [C] an interest [D] a profit
参考答案：41.D 42.A 43.B 44.A 45.B 46.C 47.D 48.C 49.A 50.D
时间线索举例
Cloze Test 5
Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They 41 that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 42 man. But they insisted that its 43 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 44 of the English population. 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.
The view, 47 , is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists 48 history and economics, have 49 two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 50 by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.
41. [A] admitted believed [C] claimed [D] predicted
42. [A] plain average [C] mean [D] normal
43. [A] momentary prompt [C] instant [D] immediate
44. [A] bulk host [C] gross [D] magnitude
45. [A] On With [C] For [D] By
46. [A] broadly thoroughly [C] generally [D] completely
47. [A] however meanwhile [C] therefore [D] moreover
48. [A] at in [C] about [D] for
49. [A] manifested approved [C] shown [D] speculated
50. [A] noted impressed [C] labeled [D] marked
thoroughly 动作的彻底
参考答案：41.A 42.B 43.D 44.A 45.D 46.D 47.A 48.B 49.C 50.D
总分总结构举例
Cloze Test 3
Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41 kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43 . The new experiments, such as these 44 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 45 of non-REM sleep.
For example, it has long been known that total sleep 46 is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, 47 examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A research has now 48 the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 49 bacterial infections of the blood, 50 their immune systems-the self-protecting mechanism against diseases-had crashed.
41. [A] Either Neither [C] Each [D] Any
42. [A] intended required [C] assumed [D] inferred
43. [A] subtle obvious [C] mysterious [D] doubtful
44. [A] maintained described [C] settled [D] afforded
45. [A] in the light by virtue [C] with the exception [D] for the purpose
46. [A] reduction destruction [C] deprivation [D] restriction
47. [A] upon by [C] through [D] with
48. [A] paid attention to caught sight of [C] laid emphasis on [D] cast light on
49. [A] develop produce [C] stimulate [D] induce
50. [A] if as if [C] only if [D] if only
参考答案：
