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MBA英语阅读理解自测（2）含答案解析

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MBA英语阅读理解自测（2）含答案解析

Vocabulary
1. subculture 亚文化群（指在一个社会或一种文化内具有独特性的一群人）
2. superficial 肤浅的，浅薄的，表面的
3. lay person 外行，门外汉，俗人
4. musty 发毒的，老朽的，陈腐的
5. gadget 小玩意儿，小配件，新发明
6. pervasive 渗透的，弥漫的，遍布的
7. populate 居住于……中，在……中占一席之地
8. implicit 含蓄的，内含的
9. unspecified 未特别提出的
10. offset 抵消，补偿
难句译注
1. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist. 【参考译文】如果一个人知道那些使科学家激动不已和灰心丧气的东西，那就比较容易了解科学的一般（普遍）特征以及特殊科学概念。
2. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitude and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are and what they do. 【参考译文】我们希望这本书能引导读者对科学观念有一个更为广阔的透视；对什么是科学、科学家是些什么人以及他们在干什么有一个更为现实的观点。
3. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture. 【参考译文】另外，读者可学会正确评价科学观点与我们文化中无处不在的某些价值观和哲学思想之间的关系。
4. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. 【参考译文】科学亚文化群中妇女作用越来越大。这不是难得一见的意外事件，而是，确切地说，在社会各部门显著潮流的一部分由于越来越多妇女进入了传统上为男子统治的领域并作出了重大的贡献。
5. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgement of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of human race equally. 【参考译文】这一策略并不理想，但它至少承认了一个事实，那就是在平等对待人类另一半上，我们的语言功能还不全。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇书的序言，作者用夹叙夹议的写作方法介绍了书的涉及面及其功能。
首先提出科学是我们文化的重大主题，但人们也该了解科学家生活的亚文化群，只有懂得一些激励和挫伤科学家的种种情况，才能理解科学的一般特征及其特殊概念。
第二方面指出书的读者对象是对科学一知半解的学生及门外汉。书可作理工科课程的辅助（补充）读物，又可独立自成体系。它可开阔人们科学的视野，真正了解科学、科学家及其工作，理解科学和文化的关系，科学观点和哲学的关系。
第三方面指出亚文化群中妇女增多，贡献巨大，而我们的语言却隐含这性别的歧视，难以充分平等地反映妇女。
最后指出书信息量大又具娱乐性，寓教于乐。
答案详解
1. C 科学社区。答案在第一段第二句，人们也该了解科学家生活在其中的亚文化群以及他们是什么样的人。第三段又讲到，有关科学社区的画面以及妇女对科学亚文化的贡献。可见科学社区即亚文化。 A. 科学家所组成种种文化群体。 B. 科学知识有限的一些人。 C. 对科学作出很大贡献的人。
2. B 因为科学几乎影响到我们生活的各个方面。文章开综明旨点出：科学是我们文化中的重要主题，由于它几乎涉及到我们生活的每一方面，有知识的人至少需要熟悉一些结构和作用。 A. 了解激发和挫伤科学家的事情可不太容易。（比较难） C. 科学家生活在特定的亚文化群中。D. 了解科学的一般特性比较容易。
3. A 不太了解科学的大学生或门外汉。第二段首句就点出了这本书为对科学一知半解的大学生和门外汉所写，为某些人，一直把科学看作干巴巴的事实堆砌的发霉的石屋的人；为那种把科学的主要目的视为生产小配件的人；为那些把科学视为某种魔术的人而写。这说明主要为A项人所写，对科学了解不多的大学生和普通人。 B. 善于生产各种小配件。 C. 在干巴巴的事实堆砌的石屋中工作。 D. 相对科学有肤浅了解的人。
4. D 不应当用阳性的名词和代词去指科学家。第三段集中讲了这本书提供精确而又现代的有关科学社区（社会）和居住在其中的人的画卷。近年来，越来越多的妇女包括进来，原因是许多妇女进入传统上为男人统治的领域，并作出巨大贡献，所以妇女在科学亚文化群中的增多并不是罕见的偶然事件，而是社会各部门明显趋势的组成部分。在讨论其变化和贡献时，我们面临着隐含性别歧视的语言――用阳性名词和代词来指未指定人物，为了消除这种偏颇，我们在可能和必要时采用了复数名词和代词来取代他或她。 A. 英语是一种性别语言。 B. 只有在科学领域中，妇女的作用增长很快。 C. 妇女在晓民我们语言中的不适当性作出了巨大的贡献。根据此题注释说明这三项都不对。英语不能说成是有性别的语言，其中虽有些词性表示男性或女性。文内明确指科学界妇女增多是整个社会的趋势的组成部分。由于妇女在科学界的贡献，所以不能再用阳性名词或代词去指科学界，并不是在消灭语言……
5. B 书的前言，见文章大意。 A. 书的评论。 C. 书跋、书的附录。 D. 书的结论部分。

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venkatmba 2008-07-31 19:57 | 只看楼主 树型| 收藏| 小中大 2 ^#

回复：MBA英语阅读理解自测（2）含答案解析

Fingerprints

　　The search for latent prints is done in a systematic and intelligent manner. Investigators develop techniques to locate traces of fingerprints at a crime scene. The basic premise in searching for latent prints is to examine more carefully those areas, which would most likely be touched by persons who have been on the scene. The natural manner in which a person would use and place his hands in making an entrance or exit from a building or in handling any object is the key to the discovery of latent prints.

　　Where a forced entrance has been made, latent prints are likely to be found on any surface adjacent to or at that point. Any object with a smooth, non-porous surface is likely to retain latent prints if touched. Fingerprints on rough surfaces are usually of little value. If the fingermark does not disclose ridge detail when viewed under a reading glass, the chances are that its value in identification is nil when photographed. Where fingermarks are found, it will be necessary for the investigator to compare them against the ones of persons having legitimate access to the premises so that the traces might be eliminated as having evidentiary value if they prove to be from these persons. Places to search for prints on an automobile are the rear view mirror, steering wheel hub, steering column, windshield dashboard and the like.

　　Dusting of surface may be done with a fine brush or with an atomizer. The whit powders used are basically finely powdered white lead, talc, or chalk. Another light powder is basically Chemist’s gray. A good black powder is composed of lampblack, graphite, and powdered acacia. Dragon’s blood is good powder for white surface and can be fixed on paper by heating. In developing latent prints, the accepted method is to use the powder sparingly and brush lightly. Do not use powder if the fingermark is visible under oblique lighting. It can be photographed. A good policy for the novice is to experiment with his own prints on a surface similar to the one he wishes to search in order to determine the powder best suited to the surface. Fingerprints after dusting may be lifted by using fresh cellulose tape or commercially prepared material especially designed to lift and transfer dusted latent fingerprints.

　　In addition to latent prints, the investigator must not overlook the possibility of two other types of fingerprint traces: molded impression and visible impression. Molded impressions are formed by the pressure of the finger upon comparatively soft, pliable, or plastic surfaces producing an actual mold of the fingerprint pattern. These can be recorded by photograph without treating the surface, is usually most effective in revealing the impressions clearly. Visible impressions are formed when the finger is covered with some substance which is transferred to the surface contacted. Fingers smeared with blood, grease, dirt, paint, and the like will leave a visible impression. If these impressions are clear and sharp, they are photographed under light without ant treatment. Ordinarily, prints of this type are blurred or smeared and do not contain enough detail for identification by comparison. However, they can not be overlooked or brushed aside without first being examined carefully.

1.What is the best title for this passage?
[A]. Visible impressions.
. Moulded impressions.
[C]. Fingerprints.
[D]. Latent fingerprints.
2.How many fingermarks are mentioned in this passage?
[A]. 2.
. 3.
[C]. 4.
[D]. 5.
3.Which type of fingerprints is most likely to retain?
[A]. Latent fingerprints.
. Visible impressions.
[C]. Moulded impressions.
[D]. Clear fingerprints.
4. How many ways are there to develop fingerprints?
[A]. 2.
. 3.
[C]. 4.
[D]. 5.

Vocabulary
1. latent print 潜在指纹
2. premise 前提
3. non-porous 无孔的，不渗透的
4. ridge 脊，隆起部
5. nil 无，零
6. premise 房屋及其附属部件
7. rear view mirror 后视镜
8. steering wheel hub 驾驶盘
9. steering column 转向柱
10. windshield 挡风玻璃
11. dashboard 仪表盘，挡泥板
12. atomizer 喷雾器
13. talc 滑石
14. lampblack 灯黑，灯烟
15. acacia 阿拉伯树胶，金合欢胶
16. dragons blood 龙血树脂，麒麟血
17. sparingly 少量的，节约的
18. novice 新手，初学者
19. cellulose tape 纤维带，指纹胶带
20. lift 提起，拿起。这里指取下指纹。
21. molded impression 模性压痕
22. visible impression 可见压痕
23. pliable 柔韧的，柔顺的
24. smear 搽上，涂污，弄得模糊不清

难句译注
1. The basic premise in searching for latent prints is to examine more carefully those areas, which would most likely be touched by persons who have been on the scene.
[结构简析] 句子长是因为有两个定语从句：which 和who； which 修饰areas; who 修饰persons.
[参考译文] 搜寻潜手印的基本前提是：要非常仔细的检查那些最可能为曾到过现场的人所触摸的地方。
2. If the fingermark does not disclose ridge detail when viewed under a reading glass, the chances are that its value in identification is nil when photographed.
[结构简析] 条件句，主从句中都有一个when +过去分词句型。第一个直接紧跟从句，第二个在主句的表语后面。译时根据其所在位置。
[参考译文] 假如指印在放大镜下观察时没有显露隆起部分的细节（不显露指纹纹理），那很可能，在摄影时其鉴别价值等于零。
3. Where fingermarks are found, it will be necessary for the investigator to compare them against the ones of persons having legitimate access to the premises so that the traces might be eliminated as having evidentiary value if they prove to be from these persons.
[结构简析] 复合句，前面是主从句， where…it will be necessary, 从句so that 中又有一个条件句，if they …。
[参考译文] 如果发现了指印，检查人员就必须把发现的指印和有权进入房屋的人的指印作比较。如果指印证实是来自这些人的，那么作为证据价值的线索就可排除掉。
4. A good black powder is composed of lampblack, graphite, and powdered acacia. Dragon’s blood is good powder for white surface and can be fixed on paper by heating. In developing latent prints, the accepted method is to use the powder sparingly and brush lightly. Do not use powder if the fingermark is visible under oblique lighting. It can be photographed. A good policy for the novice is to experiment with his own prints on a surface similar to the one he wishes to search in order to determine the powder best suited to the surface.
[结构简析] 句子长，因为表语中有形容词短语similar to , 而to 的宾语又有一个省略which的定从he wishes to search.. 此外副词短语in order to … 的宾语也有一个修饰的分词短语best suited.
[参考译文] 对新手来说，最好的办法就是用自己在类似于他想要搜索的表面上的指印作一个实验，以确定最适用于这种表面的粉末。

写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇介绍在犯罪现场搜寻“（潜）指印”的文章。采用平铺直叙步步深入的写作方式。头两段先介绍经常会有“潜指印”的地方是房子的出口和入口，汽车的后视镜，方向盘等。屋内光滑无孔的物体，如若接触就会留有潜指印，但粗糙物体的潜指印就没有价值，放大镜下不显现纹理的指印也无价值，就得看摄影显示决定。接着，介绍运用白粉，黑粉轻拂扫，新鲜纤维带把潜手印取下的种种方法和步骤。最后一段介绍了除潜手印外还有两种不能忽略的手印：模性和可见压痕及其形成和取证方法。

答案解析
1. C. 指印，不管哪一种。 A. 可见压痕。 B. 模性压痕。 C. 潜指印，都属于指印。所以最佳的标题应是指印。
2. B. 三种指印，即：潜指印，模性和可见压痕。
3. A. 潜指印。因为潜指印隐秘，又是作案人无意中留下不易为人发现和破坏。其价值性从文中第三段描写取潜指印可见一般。 B. 和C. 见第四段“一定不要忽略其它两种类型的指印痕：模性压痕和可见压痕的可能性”这说明这两种指印较少，特别是模性压痕是在相当柔软，柔韧或者塑性表面留下的，作案人一般都是小心翼翼的，不留下指印，更不太可能在这类东西上压上一个指痕。至于可见压痕，是手上沾了“血，油脂，脏土，油漆之类物品”留下。“一般来说，这种类型的指印都是模糊不清或者是污脏难分，比较之下它们对鉴定来说，没有足够细节证据。” D. 清楚指印，没有这个专门名称。
4. A. 两种。第三段第四句起“在显影指印时，公认的方法是用少许粉末，轻轻拂扫。如果指印在昏暗的灯光下可见，就可以摄影”，“指印轻扫后就用指纹胶带或商业专备材料把它们取下。这是一种专门设计用于取下和转移轻拂扫后的指印材料。”

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venkatmba 2008-07-31 20:00 | 只看楼主 树型| 收藏| 小中大 3 ^#

回复：MBA英语阅读理解自测（2）含答案解析

A Polish proverb claims that fish, to taste right, should three times—in water, in butter and in wine. The early efforts of the basic scientists in the food industry were directed at improving the preparation, preservation, and distribution of safe and nutritious food. Our memories of certain foodstuffs eaten during the World War II suggest that, although these might have been safe and nutritious, they certainly did not taste right nor were they particularly appetizing in appearance or smell. This neglect of the sensory appeal of foods is happily becoming a thing of the past. Bow, in the book “Principles of Sensory Evaluation of Food,” the authors hope that it will be useful to food technologists in industry and also to others engaged in research into problem of sensory evaluation of foods. An attempt has clearly been make to collect every possible piece of information, which might be useful, more than one thousand five hundred references being quoted. As a result, the book seems at first sight to be an exhaustive and critically useful review of the literature. This it certainly is, but this is by no means is its only achievement, for there are many suggestions for further lines of research, and the discursive passages are crisply provocative of new ideas and new ways of looking at established findings.
　　Of particular interest is the weight given to the psychological aspects of perception, both objectively and subjectively. The relation between stimuli and perception is well covered, and includes a valuable discussion of the uses and disadvantages of the Weber fraction of differences. It is interesting to find that in spite of many attempts to separate and define the modalities of taste, nothing better has been achieved than the familiar classification into sweet, sour salty and bitter. Nor is there as yet any clear-cut evidence of the physiological nature of the taste stimulus. With regard to smell, systems of classification are of little value because of the extraordinary sensitivity of the nose and because the response to the stimulus is so subjective. The authors suggest that a classification based on the size, shape and electronic status of the molecule involved merits further investigation, as does the theoretical proposition that weak physical binding of the stimulant molecule to he receptor site is a necessary part of the mechanism of stimulation.

　　Apart from taste and smell, there are many other components of perception of the sensations from food in the mouth. The basic modalities of pain, cold, warmth and touch, together with vibration sense, discrimination and localization may all play a part, as, of course, does auditory reception of bone-conducted vibratory stimuli from the teeth when eating crisp or crunchy foods. In this connection the authors rightly point out that this type of stimulus requires much more investigation, suggesting that a start might be made by using subjects afflicted with various forms of deafness. It is well-known that extraneous noise may alter discrimination, and the attention of the authors is directed to the work of Prof. H. J. Eysenck on the “stimulus hunger” of extroverts and the “stimulus avoidance” of introverts.

1. The reviewer uses a Polish proverb at the beginning of the article in order to
[A]. introduce, in an interesting manner, the discussion of food.
. show the connection between food and nationality of food.
[C]. indicate that there are various ways to prepare food.
[D]. impress upon the reader the food value of fish.

2. The reviewers appraisal of “Principles of Sensory Evaluation of Food” is one of
[A]. mixed feelings.
. indifference
[C]. high praise.
[D]. faint praise.

3. The writer of the article does not express the view, either directly or by implication, that
[A]. sharply defined classifications of taste are needed.
. more research should be done regarding the molecular constituency of food.
[C]. food values are objectively determined by an expert “smeller”.
[D]. temperature is an important factor in the value of food.

4. The authors of the book suggest the use of deaf subject because
[A]. deaf people are generally introversive.
. the auditory sense is an important factor in food evaluation.
[C]. they are more fastidious in their choice of foods.
[D]. All types of subjects should be used.

Vocabulary
1. preservation 保鲜，保存
2. sensory appeal 感官的魅力
3. be provocative of 脱颖而出
4. exhaustive 详尽的，无遗漏的
5. discursive 推论的
6. be provocative of 引起……争论/兴趣等的
7. crisp 有力的，有劲的
8. perception 感觉，知觉，直觉
9. modality 方式 modality of taste （味）感觉到
10. discrimination 鉴别力
11. localization 地区性，定位
12. merit 值得……，有……价值
13. crunchy 嘎吱作响的
14. extraneous 外部的
15. extrovert 外向性格的人
16. introvert 内项性格的人

难句译注
1. although these might have been safe and nutritious, they certainly did not taste right nor were they particularly appetizing in appearance or smell.
[结构简析] in appearance or smell 应译成：色或香。
[参考译文] 虽然这些饭菜可能是安全又有营养，但是肯定味不正，特别是在色，香上难以增进食欲。
2. This it certainly is, but this is by no means is its only achievement, for there are many suggestions for further lines of research, and the discursive passages are crisply provocative of new ideas and new ways of looking at established findings.
[结构简析] 复合句。This 指前一句内容：书既详细又是对有关食品学的文字做了十分有用的评论……。 Be provocative of 引起……争论或兴趣。
[参考译文] 确实如此，可是这并不是书的唯一成就，因为书内有许多关于进一步研究范围的建议。推论性篇章及能令人非常感兴趣的看待现存成果的新观点和新方法。
3. The relation between stimuli and perception is well covered, and includes a valuable discussion of the uses and disadvantages of the Weber fraction of differences.
[结构简析]Weber fraction 为Ernest Heinrich Weber所著，他生于1795年，死与1878，是德国生理学家。
[参考译文] 书中详细论及刺激和感觉的关系。还包括了一篇很有价值的讨论文章：谈论威伯分数在评价差异上的缺点和实用性。写作方法和文章大意这是一篇介绍“感官评价食品的原理“一书的序言。评者从书的读者对象，书的篇幅到内涵具体涉及片谈起，从主观到客观论证，采用例子和对比说明。第一段全面介绍，点出此书不同于过去的书。它们都把重点放在改善准备，保养和销售上。此书信息多，引证参考资料多，对今后研究有新建议；对已有成果有新关点。第二段，从客观到主观的论述味觉，嗅觉并加以对比。第三段从众多其它感觉中，以听觉为重点论证。

答案祥解
1. A. 以有趣的方式开始介绍食品讨论。文章一开始，评者就用“波兰有一谚语说，鱼，要想品味正，应游泳三次——在水里游，在油里游和在酒中游。”这是国外广告式论说文经常才用的一种写作方式。目的是吸引读者，激起他们想读下去的欲望，以达到推广作用。 B. 表明食品和国籍的关系。 C. 表明有各种准备食品的方法。 D. 加深读者对鱼的价值的影响，三项都不对。
2. C. 评价高。评论者当然对此书评价极高，这是序言的必然途径。贬的就是批评文章了。全篇文章也说明这点。
3. C. 食品价值由专家的嗅觉客观决定。这和第二段后半段的内涵有联系。他说，味道可分甜，酸，咸辣，而味觉生理性却无明确无误的证据。“至于（嗅觉）闻，由于鼻子特别灵敏，对外界刺激的反映主观性强，所以任何分类体系均无价值。”作者建议以“大小，形状和涉及分子电子态为基础的分类值得进一步探讨研究，就像理论性前提一样。刺激物分子和受体之间弱的物理结合是刺激生理机能的必要组成部分。”这段文章谈到味觉，嗅觉但并没有直接或间接表达这种观点：食品的价值是通过专家的嗅觉客观判定。 A. 需要明确无误的味觉分类。酸，咸，辣就是味觉的分类。 B. 有关食品分子构成进行更多研究。文内也讲到有关分子电子态应进一步研究。 D. 温度是食品评价中的一个因素。文内只在第三段提到了“除了味觉，嗅觉外，口中食品还有其他许多种感觉成分，基本为疼，冷，热，触碰以及震动感，鉴别力和地区性都可能起作用。“作者直接说明热是可能有作用的。
4. B. 听觉在食品评价中是一个重要因素。这在第三段内提到。除了味觉和嗅觉外，口中食品还会产生许多其它感觉。基本可分为痛，冷，热，触碰以及震动感，鉴别力和地区性都可能起作用。就像在吃脆硬或嘎嘎作响的食品时，听觉接受了来自牙齿骨操纵的震动刺激。在这方面，作者真确指出这种刺激需进行更多探讨研究，建议运用受各种听不见痛苦折磨的病人作起点研究。众所周知，外部的噪声会改变分辨力和注意力。“这说明B. 听觉在食品评价中起着重要作用。是对的。 A. 聋子一般是内项的。 C. 他们在选择食品时很挑剔。 D. 各种物体都应当应用。都和本文无关。

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回复：MBA英语阅读理解自测（2）含答案解析

We Should All Grow Fat and Be Happy

　　Here’s a familiar version of the boy-meets-girl situation. A young man has at last plucked up courage to invite a dazzling young lady out to dinner. She has accepted his invitation and he is overjoyed. He is determined to take her to the best restaurant in town, even if it means that he will have to live on memories and hopes during the month to come. When they get to the restaurant, he discovers that this ethereal creature is on a diet. She mustn’t eat this and she mustn’t that. Oh, but of course, she doesn’t want to spoil his enjoyment. Let him by all means eat as much fattening food as he wants: it’s the surest way to an early grave. They spend a truly memorable evening together and never see each other again.

　　What a miserable lot dieters are! You can always recognize them from the sour expression on their faces. They spend most of their time turning their noses up at food. They are forever consulting calorie charts; gazing at themselves in mirrors; and leaping on to weighing-machines in the bathroom. They spend a lifetime fighting a losing battle against spreading hips, protruding tummies and double chins. Some wage all-out war on FAT. Mere dieting is not enough. They exhaust themselves doing exercises, sweating in sauna baths, being pummeled and massaged by weird machines. The really wealthy diet-mongers pay vast sums for ‘health cures’. For two weeks they can enter a nature clinic and be starved to death for a hundred guineas a week. Don’t think it’s only the middle-aged who go in for these fads either. Many of these bright young things you see are suffering from chronic malnutrition: they are living on nothing but air, water and the goodwill of God.

　　Dieters undertake to starve themselves of their own free will; so why are they so miserable? Well, for one thing, they’re always hungry. You can’t be hungry and happy at the same time. All the horrible concoctions they eat instead of food leave them permanently dissatisfied. Wonderfood is a complete food, the advertisement says. ‘Just dissolve a teaspoonful in water…’. A complete food it may be, but not quite as complete as a juicy steak. And, of course, they’re always miserable because they feel so guilty. Hunger just proves too much for them and in the end they lash out and devour five huge guilt-inducing cream cakes at a sitting. And who can blame them? At least three times a day they are exposed to temptation. What utter torture it is always watching others tucking into piles of mouth-watering food while you munch a water biscuit and sip unsweetened lemon juice!

　　What’s all this self-inflicted torture for? Saintly people deprive themselves of food to attain a state of grace. Unsaintly people do so to attain a state of misery. It will be a great day when all the dieters in the world abandon their slimming courses; when they hold out their plates and demand second helpings!

1． The best title for this passage is
[A] On Fat.
We Should All Grow Fat and Be Happy.
[C] Many Diseases Are Connected with Fat.
[D] Diet Deprives People of Normal Life.

2． Why do they never see each other again?
[A] Because it is a memorable evening.
Because she lets him eat as much fattening food as he wants.
[C] Because she does not eat this and drink that.
[D] Because eating fattening food is the surest way to an early grave.

3． Which of the following ways is NOT mentioned for diet?
[A] Doing exercises.
Not eating sugar.
[C] Not eating fat.
[D] Taking sauna baths.

4． What is the author’s attitude toward diet?
[A] Persuasive.
Critical.
[C] Indifferent.
[D] Adversative.

Vocabulary

1．ethereal 优雅的，飘渺的
2．sour 愁眉不展的
3．tummy 肚子
4．protrude 突出的，突起的
5．wage 作（战），实行
6．all-out 全面的
7．sauna bath 桑拿浴
8．pummel = pommel 用拳头连打
9．massage 按摩
10．weird 不可思议的，离奇的
11．monger 商人，贩子
12．fad 一时流行的风尚
13．concoction 调制品，荤素混合菜，调和物
14．wonderfood 奇妙的食物
15.lash out 痛斥，鞭打
16.at a/one sitting 一口气
17.munch 用力嚼
18．inflict 予以打击，使遭受
19．slim 苗条的，不足取的，无价值的

写作方法与文章大意

文章论及“减肥及痛苦”。以先声夺人的男女约会入手，引入减肥的痛苦过程：首先是各种减肥的方法（全面战斗）；其次是痛苦的难熬；最后点出减肥的目的。号召人放弃减肥。三段式文章：引言，正文和结论。以讽刺的笔调，步步深入的手法劝人放弃减肥，过愉快的生活。

答案详解

1．B 我们都该长得胖乎乎，心情愉快。这是文章的目的，也是文章最佳标题。答案见最后一段：“这一切自我折磨为了什么？圣洁的人们不吃饭菜是为了身材优美，不圣洁的人们不吃饭菜得到的是痛苦。当世界上所有的节食者都抛弃这减轻体重显得苗条的课程时当他们伸出盘子，要求再来一份（第二份食物）时，这将是一个伟大的日子。”
A. 论脂肪。似乎有点儿接近文章的内容。但文章涉及到的各个方面并不是单讲脂肪食品或饮食问题。C. 许多疾病和脂肪有关。文内第一段提到这方面的问题。D. 节食剥夺了人们正常生活。文内提到，但不是文章的总目的和内容。

2．D吃脂肪食品早死。答案就在第一段“当他们来到饭店，他发现这位优雅的少女（飘逸的少女）是个忌口节食者。决不能吃这个，一定不能喝那个。喔，当然，她不想扫他的兴，让他想吃多少脂肪的食品就尽量吃。这是早早接近死亡的最有把握的途径。”这里传递两点信息。一个吃，一个不吃已经是格格不入，再加上“多吃脂肪东西早死亡”姑娘怎能嫁他，他一个人吃而那位姑娘瞧着，确实是难以忘怀的夜晚，他受得了？所以D是最接近不再见面的原因。
A. 因为这是一个值得纪念的夜晚。B. 她让他爱吃多少脂肪食物就吃多少。C.因为她不吃这个也不吃那个。这三项都是单独的事实或情况。

3．B不吃糖。答案再第二段第二句开始“他们大部分时间对食品都不屑一顾。他们永远向热量表讨教咨询，照镜子，跳到浴室的磅秤上称重量。他们一声都在向臀部大，肚子突出，双下巴绽开一个准输无疑的战斗。有的对脂肪开展了全面战斗。光节食是不够的，他们运动以消耗体重，洗桑拿浴出汗，用奇异的机器按摩和击打。”
A. 运动做操。C.不吃脂肪。D.洗桑拿浴。

4．B批评的态度。这在第二、三段都有明显的表示。第二段开始：“这些节食者是多么可怜的一群人啊！你总是可以从他们愁眉不展的表情上认出他们。”第二段倒数第四句开始：“这些真正有钱的节食大款为健康治疗支付大笔的款项。他们进到“自然门诊”。两个星期饿得要死，每星期付一百畿尼。别以为仅仅是中年人参与这种时尚活动。你可以见到许多青年正由于长期营养不良而遭罪。他们就靠空气、水和上帝的善意而活着。”第三段，“节食者甘愿忍饥挨饿，那么他们为什么那样难受悲惨呢？得，首先，他们总是感到饥饿。你不可能饿着肚子高兴。他们吃的不是食物，全是搭配好的东西，这永远不能使他们满意……”第三段倒数第三句“饥饿确实令他们感到太受不了了。最终，他们破釜沉舟，一口气就吞下了五大块使人内疚的奶油蛋糕。谁能责怪他们！他们一天至少三次面对引诱，老是看着别人大口吃着馋涎欲滴的食品，而你自己用力嚼一口水饼干和喝一口没有甜味的柠檬汁。这是一种什么样的折磨啊！”
A.劝导的。 C.漠不关心。这两项不对。D. 敌意的。不合适。

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venkatmba 2008-07-31 20:00 | 只看楼主 树型| 收藏| 小中大 5 ^#

回复：MBA英语阅读理解自测（2）含答案解析

Pantomimes like pageants, need to be very well planned, and it is essential that initial organization should begin many weeks in advance of the production date. Pantomimes are nearly always divided into separate scenes, very often taking place in different countries or even in different centuries. It is therefore necessary that there should be an overall unity of design culminating in the grand finale. This latter is really just an excuse for visual effects, and for once the performers become merely cloths hangers on which to put elaborate garments.

　　The scene should be discussed at some length with the producer so that the background, which is decided upon, does not present impossibilities for the provision of costumes within the budget or insuperable making problems for the wardrobe. Because of the large numbers of costumes needed full use must be made of the cheapest materials available, such as tarlatan (thin, stiff, open-weave muslin) nets and inexpensive cottons and taffetas. Very often it is possible to pick up goods that have been substantially reduced in price as cheap lines either in the big stores or on stalls in street markets.

　　Costumes for pantomimes need to be imaginative, gay and fairly bold in conception—this does not mean that they need to be garish. Usually in one scene there needs to be the flavor of what is newest at the moment in clothes. It is always a good idea to make use of a modern gimmick and to point it in some way if this can be conveniently fitted into the scheme. The audience comes to pantomime to have the eye feasted as much as for any other purpose, thus making a great chance for the designer to excel. Because of the very varied audience to be catered for there must be costumes to please patrons of all ages and delight the eyes of toddlers, teenagers, parents and grandparents.

　　Usually there is the chance for some country scene involving merry-making peasants in ginghams, stripes of chintzes. There may be a military or naval routine or some number emphasizing precision and calling for trim slick costumes. There is certain to be a ballet which is to look fairy-like or romantic and pretty and which may well need either classical or romantic tutus. The finale, which must be the most spectacular of all, is often set in a ballroom or palace where all the characters come together to make their final bows; and it is for this scene that the glitter of sequins and jewels, the sparkle of tinsel, the gold and silver materials and the waving plumes should be saved.

It may be helpful to examine the different characters and the various scenes in which they are likely to appear. They remain much the same in all pantomimes; the flavor varying according to the setting—so that a s\dash of the Orient, or the particular feeling of a historical epoch is added to the standard costume.

1. Which word can best describe the final scene in pantomime?
[A]. Spectacular.
. Beautiful.
[C]. Romantic.
[D]. Sparkling.

2. What is the best title for this passage?
[A]. How to Gain Success of a Pantomime.
. The Most Important Factors in a Pantomime.
[C]. Pantomime needs to have a very-well.
[D]. How to Make Preparation for a Pantomime.

3. What does paragraph two imply?
[A]. It implies actor and actress outnumber costume.
. It implies costume costs too much.
[C]. It implies the funds available is on meager side.
[D]. It implies a good plan is necessary for a pantomime.

4. The success of a pantomime lie in
[A]. well-planned preparation.
. excellent actors.
[C]. brilliant costume.
[D]. harmony.

Vocabulary
1. culminate 达到顶点，达到最高潮
2. insuperable 不可逾越的，不可克服的
3. tarlatan 薄纱，塔拉丹
4. taffeta 花花绿绿的塔夫绸，衬绸
5. gimmick （魔术师道具等）暗机关，
6. garish 装饰（物）鲜艳夺目的，俗不可耐的
7. gingham 方格花布
8. stripe 条纹布，斜纹布
9. chintz 擦光印花棉布
10. slick 光滑的，打扮漂亮的，华而不实的，讨人喜欢的
11. tutu （芭蕾舞女演员）短裙
12. sequin 装饰服装用的圆形小金属片
13. tinsel 金银丝织品，闪亮装饰品

难句译注
1. This latter is really just an excuse for visual effects, and for once the performers become merely cloths hangers on which to put elaborate garments.
[结构简析] for once= for just once 就这一次
[参考译文] 后者确实就是为了视觉效果，就这一次，演员成了仅仅是套上精致衣服的衣架子。
2. Usually in one scene there needs to be the flavor of what is newest at the moment in clothes. It is always a good idea to make use of a modern gimmick and to point it in some way if this can be conveniently fitted into the scheme.
[结构简析] 两句句子。To make use of 利用，to point 强调。
[参考译文] 一般说来，在一幕里，需要有当时服装上最新款式和风格。如果便于和演出设计相吻合的话，利用当时的机关并给以适当突出也不失为好办法。
3. The audience comes to pantomime to have the eye feasted as much as for any other purpose, thus making a great chance for the designer to excel。
[结构简析] 注意后面thus making…的译法。
[参考译文] 观众来看哑剧，不仅为了大饱眼福，还有其它目的。这就给了设计者展示才能超越别人的大好机会。

写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇论述哑剧准备工作的文章。文章一开始就点明主题。然后从钱，剧幕，服装，色彩，情趣等方面加以阐明，手法多种。

答案祥解
1. A. 最后一幕非常壮观。文章内两处提到，第一段第二句“哑剧几乎总是分成独立的几幕，常常是发生在不同的国家和不同的世纪，因此，在宏伟的最后一幕有一个达到高潮完整统一设计。”第四段第四行末尾“最后一幕，必须是全戏最壮观的，地点常常是在舞厅或者皇宫，聚集着所有的演员，以备谢幕。” B. 美丽的。 C. 浪漫的。 D. 灿烂的，都只是壮观中之一部分。
2. D. 如何为哑剧做好准备工作。文章一开始“哑剧，像露天演出剧一样，需要很好策划，应在演出前好几个星期作好最初的组织工作……。”后面几段都是围绕这一中心而写。 A. 如何获取哑剧的成功，文中提得很少但准备的目的是获得成功。 B. 哑剧的最重要的因素。 C. 哑剧需要一个很好的设计，都是准备工作中提及的部分内容。
3. C. 隐射能得到的资金很少。第二段“剧幕场景应和舞台监督进行详细的讨论。这样决定下来的场景不会出现预算内金额不能提供服装，或剧团服装难以供应的问题。由于需要剧装量大，要充分利用能得到的最便宜的材料，类似薄纱，低价棉布和衬绸之类。可以在大商店或马路地摊上选购一些降价的便宜货品。”这一段说明他们的资金相当少，所以C 正确。 A. 演员认输超过了服装数。 B. 服装太贵，文中都没有提到。也不是第二段的内涵。 D. 哑剧需要一个好计划。一开始就点明，不用隐射。
4. A. 充分计划好的准备工作。如果没有计划，其他三点都谈不上。因为 B. 优秀演员。 C. 华丽的戏装。 D. 和谐，都四计划内考虑的因素。

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venkatmba 2008-07-31 20:01 | 只看楼主 树型| 收藏| 小中大 6 ^#

回复：MBA英语阅读理解自测（2）含答案解析

When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it’s amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don’t the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungey lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.

　　It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of ‘the sporting spirit’ is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.

　　Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally – admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law. The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.

1. It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s opinion of nowadays’ human beings is
A. not very high.
B. high.
C. contemptuous.
D. critical.

2. The main idea of this passage is
A. vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law.
B. people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence.
C. to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports.
D. people are bloodthirsty in sports.

3. That the author mentions the old Romans is
A. To compare the old Romans with today’s people.
B. to give an example.
C. to show human beings in the past know nothing better.
D. to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty.

4. How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage?
A. Three.
B. Five.
C. Six.
D. Seven.

5. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is
A. that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve our selves.
B. that, by banning the dangerous sports, we can improve the law.
C. that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare system.
D. to show law is the main instrument of social change.

Vocabulary
1. relish 从……获得乐处，享受
2. orgy 狂欢，放纵
3. arena 竞技场，活动或斗争的场所
4. blood-thirsty 残忍的，嗜血的
5. bear-baiting 逗熊游戏
6. bull-fight 斗牛
7. batter 猛击，连续地猛打/捶，乱打
8. pulp 成纸浆，成软块
9. burst into flames 突然燃烧起来/着火
10. grim 令人窒息的，简陋的
11. coop up 把……关起来

难句译注
1. bear-baiting 逗熊游戏。这是一种十六、十七世纪流行于英国的游戏――驱狗去咬绑着的熊，很残忍，后被禁止。
2. …two men batter each other to pulp in the boxing ring.
【结构简析】batter one to pulp = beat one to a pulp 狠揍某人，打瘫某人
【参考译文】两个人在拳击场内彼此狠揍，知道一个人被打倒在地，爬不起来。
3. …unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames.
【参考译文】眼见一辆或多辆赛车相互撞击，突然烧起来而无动于衷。
4. A world heavy weight championship match is front page news.
【参考译文】世界重量级冠军赛总是头版头条新闻。

写作方法与文章大意
作者采取先对比、后分析的写作手法。先是今人和古罗马人对暴虐体育上对此两者都欣赏。后者坦率成人“欣赏暴力体育”，前者施以各种接口、实际都是嗜血成性者。第二段进一步剖析今人欣赏暴虐体育的种种实例，最后指出改善“暴虐”的根本嗜为改善法律采取积极的步骤，法律才能施以巨大的文明影响，否则人类很难改变。

答案详解
1. A. 不太高。文章一开始就点出科技巨大进步，而其他方面进展很少。人们以轻蔑的口气谈及可怜的古罗马人，因为他们欣赏竞技场上的屠杀。我们轻视他们，因为他们把这些屠杀视为娱乐。我们可以降阶/屈尊地谅解他们，因为他们生活在2000年前，显然，对好的东西不知道。在这里作者反问，我们的优越感是否正确呢？我们的嗜血性是不是少一些？为什么拳击比赛吸引那么许多人？在场的观赏者（观众）是不是也希望看到一些暴力呢？结论是：人类和过去一样残忍。唯一的不同点在于古罗马人很诚实，他们承认他们欣赏观看饥饿的狮子把人撕碎，活生生吃掉，而我们会找出各种精辟的理由来保卫早该制止的运动。第二段举出具体例子，如斗牛、拳击中把人打瘫在地、车赛中，车子碰撞起火，人们就坐在那里观看欣赏，参赛者是为了高报酬，观众付出大笔钱财是为了看到暴力。作者指出任何体育精神的说法纯粹是虚伪。如果一场打比赛（世界重量级冠军赛），两*而不是十五*就告结束，成千上百万人们会感到失望――这些都证明人的卑下，不文明。这两段似乎也证明作者的观点应该是C项――蔑视的。但在第三段谈及，好几个世纪以来，人们一直试图在精神上和情感上改善自己，又得承认不怎么成功。可至少我们不再容忍疯人禁锢于笼中，当众鞭挞，以及其他许多过去普遍存在的野蛮行径。监狱也不再是过去那种令人窒息的禁锢之地，社会福利制度在全世界许多地方推行。在财富公平分配上也作了很大的努力。这些变化的出现不是因为人突然改善，而是在改变法律上采取了积极的步骤。如果我们禁止危险的暴力体育项目，那么我们在改善人类方面又前进了一步。我们会认识暴力是人类的堕落和卑下（人类不应有的）。从这段来看，作者对人类还抱有希望，不是很蔑视。所以选A项。
2. A. 法律应禁止堕落而又危险的体育项目。见第一题注释。作者从古罗马人欣赏残忍的体育项目说起，点出现代人也是嗜血成性，喜欢暴力体育项目。这是不文明，是堕落。必须制止，而法律是我们社会改革最强大的工具，它可应用，发挥强大的文明影响（第三段倒数第三句） B. 人们愿意支付巨大款项来观看暴力。这是作者说明“嗜血成性”的具体内容之一。C. 对比对危险体育项目不同的态度。这里没有对比。D.人类嗜血成性。这是作者认为人们为什么欣赏危险残忍体育项目的根源。
3. D. 人们在体育上习惯于“嗜血成性”，过去是，现在仍然是，不同点只是前者坦直承认，后者婉转掩饰。见第一题注释。 A. 把古罗马人和现代人对比。这项没有说明对比什么。B. 给出一个例子。太抽象。C. 说明过去人类不太知道更美好的东西，这两项都没有到位。
4. B. 5个。作者提到⑴逗熊游戏；⑵斗牛；⑶车赛；⑷拳击；⑸人狮斗。至于当众鞭挞和绞刑不能称作体育活动。
5. A. 通过制止野蛮体育项目，我们能改善人类自身。这在第三段讲的最透彻，见第一题和第二题注释。 B. 通过制止野蛮体育活动，我们能改善法律，不完全对。作者明确指出要用法律来禁止野蛮体育项目。C. 我们必须采取积极步骤来改善社会福利体制。D. 去表明法律是社会变革的主要工具。

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venkatmba 2008-07-31 20:01 | 只看楼主 树型| 收藏| 小中大 7 ^#

回复：MBA英语阅读理解自测（2）含答案解析

In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence – as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.
　　The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.

　　Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. ‘Talk, talk, talk,’ the advocates of violence say, ‘all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.’ It’s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. ‘Possible, my lord,’ the barrister replied, ‘none the wiser, but surely far better informed.’ Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.

1. What is the best title for this passage?
[A] Advocating Violence.
Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.
[C] Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.
[D] The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.

2. Recorded history has taught us
[A] violence never solves anything.
nothing.
[C] the bloodshed means nothing.
[D] everything.

3. It can be inferred that truly reasonable men
[A] can’t get a hearing.
are looked down upon.
[C] are persecuted.
[D] have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.

4. “He was none the wiser” means
[A] he was not at all wise in listening.
he was not at all wiser than nothing before.
[C] he gains nothing after listening.
[D] he makes no sense of the argument.

5. According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is
[A] law enforcement.
knowledge.
[C] nonviolence.
[D] mopping up the violent mess.

Vocabulary
1. acute 严重的，剧烈的，敏锐的
2. loot v.抢劫，掠夺；n.赃物
3. pillage v.抢劫，掠夺
4. crunch v.吱嘎吱嘎咬或嚼某物；n.碎裂声 when it comes to the crunch = if/when the decisive moment comes. 当关键时刻来到时。
5. war-paint 出战前涂于身上的颜料。（美印第安战士用）
6. come to light = become known 显露，为人所知
7. sap 剥削，使伤元气，破坏 I was sapped by months of hospital treatment. 我住院治疗几个月，大伤元气。
8. mop up 擦去，对付，处理
9. wake 船迹，航迹 in the wake of sth. = come after 随某事之后到来。

难句译注
1. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all.
【结构简析】when it comes to the crunch = when / if the decisive moment comes.当关键时刻来到时。
【参考译文】真正令人可怖的，令人绝望的是，在关键时刻，人们意识到我们一点儿也没有进步/前进。
2. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake.
【结构简析】in the wake of 在…之后。
【参考译文】由于我们不得不清理掉暴力之后所留下的烂摊子，我们的力量因此削弱了。
3. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser.
【结构简析】none + the + 比较级。固定用法，义：not at all 一点儿也不。EX: After the treatment, he is none the better.治疗后，他并没有因此见好，（一点儿也不见好）。
【参考译文】听了律师的长篇解释，法官抱怨说他一无所获，并不因此变得聪明些。
4. Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom.
【参考译文】知识是智慧的必要的先决条件。结合上下文这里意思是：了解情况是解决问题的先决条件。句子后面的解释：知识是指了解它欲以解决暴力制造的恶行。

写作方法与文章大意
作者主要以对比的手法写出了暴力是有些国家用以解决种族差异的公认方法，这是人本性没有进步的表现，真正理智的人提出了法制才是解决问题的唯一途径，而这些人遭人轻视、迫害。作者指出如果我们把使用暴力的一半精力放在消除贫民窟，改善生活水平，提供教育和就业，清除暴力造成的后果，也就是通过对它以法治理是能真正解决种族问题的。尽管这些暴力者采取充耳不闻的态度。

答案详解
1. B 暴力难以消除种族偏见。文章一开始就提出有些国家种族偏见严重，而暴力却是公认的一种解决方法。白人采用暴力镇压，黑人以防火、掠抢为反抗。而双方的大人物平静地论及暴力，似乎这是一种合法的解决方案。作者就此指出人类的进步只在于表面――衣饰等，人类的本能没有改变。整个有记录历史的文件没有教会人类任何东西。这是真正令人可怕的事件。第二段论及真正有理智的懂得解决方案所在的人鼓吹法制，人们不停。他们反而收到轻视、迫害。作者就此提出假设，答出真正的解决方案嗜法制，以法治理。第三段进一步说明“交流、对话”是了解双方问题的前提，即使暴力者不同意，但知道暴力制造它假装要解决的罪恶，是智慧聪明的必要前提。 A.鼓吹暴力。C.双方重要人物都把暴力作为合法的解决方案。D. 人类的本性是嗜暴性。
2. B没有什么。第一段中就明确提出整个人类有记录历史又长又臭的暴力文件记录，一点都没有教给我们任何东西。 A.暴力解决不了任何事情。C.杀戮（流血）没有任何意义。D.一切。
3. D在鼓吹法制方面有困难。答案在第二段，真正有理智的人鼓吹法制，遭到同类们的轻视、不信任和迫害。他们发现要人倾听他们的意见越来越困难。 A.人们不听。B.遭人轻视。C.遭人迫害。这三项都包含在D项内。
4. C听后无所得。None the wiser一点也不比以前聪明（这是按字面翻译）。实际就是C项。 A.在倾听别人上他一点也不聪明。B.他和以前一个样。D.他听不懂论点。
5. A法制。第二段最后一句，如果我们在法律的构架中进行工作，真正的持久的解决总是能实现的。第二段第二句，他们遭到迫害是因为他们鼓吹法制这种显然令人不能容忍的事。 B.知识。C.非暴力。D.处理暴力带来的混乱。

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venkatmba 2008-07-31 20:02 | 只看楼主 树型| 收藏| 小中大 8 ^#

回复：MBA英语阅读理解自测（2）含答案解析

On the President’s Program

　　President Arling has put his long awaited economic restructuring program before the Congress. It provides a coordinated program of investment credits, research grants, education reforms, and tax changes designed to make American industry more competitive. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.

　　The most liberal wing of the President’s party has called for stronger and more direct action. They want an incomes policy to check inflation while federal financing helps rebuild industry behind a wall of protective tariffs.

　　The Republicans, however, decry even the modest, graduated tax increases in the President’s program. They want tax cuts and more open market. They say if federal money has to be injected into the economy, let it through defence spending.

　　Both these alternatives ignore the unique nature of the economic problem before us. It is not simply a matter of markets or financing. The new technology allows vastly increased production for those able to master it. But it also threatens those who fail to adopt it with permanent second-class citizenship in the world economy. If an industry cannot lever itself up to the leading stage of technological advances, then it will not be able to compete effectively. If it cannot do this, no amount of government protectionism or access to foreign markets can keep it profitable for long. Without the profits and experience of technological excellence to reinvest, that industry can only fall still further behind its foreign competitors.

　　So the crux is the technology and that is where the President’s program focused. The danger is not that a plan will not be passed, it is that the ideologues of right and left will distort the bill with amendments that will blur its focus on technology. The economic restructuring plan should be passed intact. If we fail to restructure our economy now, we may not get a second chance.

1. The focus of the President’s program is on
[A] investment.
economy.
[C] technology.
[D] tax.

2. What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic-party?
[A] They want a more direct action.
They want an incomes policy to check inflation.
[C] They want to rebuild industry.
[D] They want a wall of protective tariffs.

3. What is the editor’s attitude?
[A] support.
distaste.
[C] Disapproval.
[D] Compromise.

4. The danger to the plan lies in
[A] the two parties’ objection.
different idea of the two parties about the plan.
[C] its passage.
[D] distortion.

5. The passage is
[A] a review.
a preface.
[C] a advertisement.
[D] an editorial.

Vocabulary
1. reverse 逆转
2. slide 滑坡
3. plague 瘟疫；折磨，困扰
4. tariff 关税
5. decry 谴责，诋毁
6. lever 杠杆；用杠杆撬动
7. crux 症结
8. ideologue 空想家，思想家
9. intact 原封不动的，完整无损的
10. investment credit 投资信贷
11. research grant 研究基金

难句译注
1. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.
【参考译文】这对扭转经济滑坡；滑到失业高，增长少和已经困扰经济达6年之久贸易赤字来说是必要的。

写作方法与文章大意
这是一则有关总统向国会提交的经济计划评论。作者采用对比手法来突出其计划之正确性，第一段就讲了计划的涉及面：投资、研究、教育、税收等，目的是制止经济滑坡，提高美国工业竞争力。第二、三两段叙述了计划遭两方面的反对，总统党内的右翼要求更强硬，更直接的行动，而共和党对即使逐渐稍稍提高一点税收都予以谴责。第四段提出两者都忽略我们面临经济问题的独特性质。它不是市场或财政问题。掌握新技术的人大量增产，而不能采用新技术的人面临在世界经济中成为二等公民的危险。工业不能达到先进水平，就不能有效地竞争，那么任何保护主义或进入外国市场都不能长期奏效。没有技术优势的经验和利润的再投资，工业经济只能依然落后于外国竞争对手。最后一段点出总统计划的要点就是工艺技术。作者提出：要求全面通过这一重新建设计划。如果我们不能重建经济，我们可能不会有第二次机会。

答案详解
1. C 工艺技术。最后一段第一句“问题的症结就在于工艺技术，这就是总统计划的要点所在。”第四段：“对掌握新技术的人来说，新技术使他们大大增产，而新技术对不能掌握它的人来说，在世界经济中他们面临沦为永久性的二等公民的危险。如果不能做到这一点，那么任何政府保护主义，进入国际市场都不能有效地竞争。如果不能有技术优势的利润和经验再投资，工业只能进一步落后于国外竞争对手。”这些都说明总统计划的重点再工艺技术。 A.投资。D.税收。只是总统计划的涉及面。B.经济。太笼统了。
2. A 更直接行动。第二段“总统的党内几段自由翼要求更强硬、更直接行动。他们要求用收入（税收）政策来制止通货膨胀；联邦财政在关税保护下，帮助重建工业。” B.他们需要制止通货膨胀。C.重建工业。D.保护关税墙。都只是他们要求中的不分内容，不完整。
3. A支持。第四、五段集中了评论者的观点，支持的理由和论点。 B.厌恶。C.不赞成。D.调和妥协。
4. D歪曲。最后一段第二句：“其危险不在于计划将不被通过，而在于左和右的思想理论家们用修正案来歪曲提案，使计划要点蒙尘模糊不清，经济重建计划应原封不动地通过。”这是作者的态度，也是他所担心之处。 A.两党的反对。B.两党对计划的不同看法。C.它的通过。
5. D 社论。 A.评论。社论也是评论的一种，但它是报纸主编所撰，常常是有关国内外大事评论。B.前言。C.广告。

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venkatmba 2008-07-31 20:02 | 只看楼主 树型| 收藏| 小中大 9 ^#

回复：MBA英语阅读理解自测（2）含答案解析

Yes, but what did we use to do before there was television? How often we hear statements like this! Television hasn’t been with us all that long, but we are already beginning to forget what the world was like without it. Before we admitted the one-eyed monster into our homes, we never fond it difficult to occupy our spare time. We used to enjoy civilized pleasures. For instance, we used to have hobbies, we used to entertain our friends and be entertained by them, we used to go outside for our amusements to theatres, cinemas, restaurants and sporting events. We even used to read books and listen to music and broadcast talks occasionally. All that belongs to the past. Now all our free time is regulated by the goggle box. We rush home or gulp down our meals to be in time for this or that programme. We have even given up sitting at table and having a leisurely evening meal, exchanging the news of the day. A sandwich and a glass of beer will do – anything, providing it doesn’t interfere with the programme. The monster demands and obtains absolute silence and attention. If any member of the family dares to open his mouth during a programme, he is quickly silenced.

　　Whole generations are growing up addicted to the telly. Food is left uneaten, homework undone and sleep is lost. The telly is a universal pacifier. It is now standard practice for mother to keep the children quiet by putting them in the living-room and turning on the set. It doesn’t matter that the children will watch rubbishy commercials or spectacles of sadism and violence – so long as they are quiet.

　　There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the world. Every day, television consumes vast quantities of creative work. That is why most of the programmes are so bad: it is impossible to keep pace with the demand and maintain high standards as well. When millions watch the same programmes, the whole world becomes a village, and society is reduced to the conditions which obtain in preliterate communities. We become utterly dependent on the two most primitive media of communication: pictures and the spoken word.

　　Television encourages passive enjoyment. We become content with second-hand experiences. It is so easy to sit in our armchairs watching others working. Little by little, television cuts us off from the real world. We get so lazy, we choose to spend a fine day in semi-darkness, glued to our sets, rather than go out into the world itself. Television may be s splendid medium of communication, but it prevents us from communicating with each other. We only become aware how totally irrelevant television is to real living when we spend a holiday by the sea or in the mountains, far away from civilization. In quiet, natural surroundings, we quickly discover how little we miss the hypnotic tyranny of King Telly.

1. What is the biggest harm of TV?
[A] It deprives people of communication with the real world.
People become lazy.
[C] People become dependent on second-hand experience.
[D] TV consumes a large part of one’s life.

2. In what way can people forget TV?
[A] Far away from civilization.
To a mountain.
[C] By the sea.
[D] In quiet natural surroundings.

3. What does a mother usually do to keep her children quiet?
[A] Let them watch the set.
Put them in the living room.
[C] Let them watch the rubbish.
[D] Let them alone.

4. What does the first sentence in the first paragraph mean?
[A] We found it difficult to occupy our spare time.
We become addicted to TV.
[C] What we used to do is different from now.
[D] We used to enjoy civilized pleasures.

Vocabulary
1. goggle 转动眼珠，瞪眼 goggle box （英俚）电视机
2. gulp 狼吞虎咽
3. telly 电视机
4. pacifier 平息者，抚慰者。这里指平静人，使人不吱声的东西。
5. rubbishy 垃圾的，无价值的
6. sadism 施淫虐
7. glue 胶（水）；粘牢 glue to the sets 和电视机粘在一起，指成了电视迷
8. hypnotic 催眠的

难句译注
1. There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the world.
【参考译文】世界上可以获得的创造性才能的数量是有限的。

写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇论说“电视有害”的文章。采用对比分析手法。先提出问题，对比过去和现在“过去在业余时间，我们享受文明的欢乐，有各种嗜好，招待朋友，访友，外出娱乐，在家读书听音乐……现在一切受电视支配。匆忙赶回家，狼吞虎咽地吃完饭为的是准时看某个电视节目。只要不干扰节目，吃什么都可以！一块三明治，一杯啤酒就行。看时，谁都不许说话，完全没有了过去的那种悠闲，坐在一起吃晚饭，相互交谈白天的一切。”然后列出电视种种恶果：整个几代人成了电视迷，连孩子也不能幸免，电视消耗了大量的创造性工作，人们成为以来电视生存的人，被动娱乐，制止我们和真实世界交流。最后结论：到大自然去，忘掉电视。

答案详解
1. A 它剥夺了人们和真实世界的联系。文章多次提到现在我们不能探亲访友，一家人互不交流，而一旦离开电视就进入了真是世界。 B. 人变懒。C. 人们变得依赖二手经验。D. 电视浪费了人生的大量时间。这三项只是危害重具体一个组成部分。
2. D 在安宁的大自然的怀抱中。答案在最后一段最后一句“在安详宁静的大自然环境中，我们很快发现我们对催眠的电视暴君连想都不怎么想！” A. 远离文明。B.去山上。C.在海边。
3. A 叫他们看电视。这在第二段第三句起“电视是一个万能安静器。母亲为使孩子们安静，就把他们放在起居室内，打开电视看。这是现在最权威的一招。至于孩子们看的使垃圾般的商业广告，还是施淫虐或暴力片都无关紧要，只要他们安静不闹。” B.把他们搁在起居室。C.让他们看垃圾片。都是其中的具体一部分。D.让他们呆着。没有提到。
4. B 我们都成了电视迷。第一句“是的，可是没有电视之前，我们常干些什么？”这说明人们已经习惯于电视，以来电视，到了没有电视怎么办的境地。不知道没有电视前的情况。第二段“整个几代人越来越迷上了电视，饭不吃，家务不干，不睡觉。”可以说整篇文章都描写了人们对电视迷恋，依赖。第一句话是引言。所以B对。 A. 难以消遣。只是人们的一种感受。C.过去和现在不同。是一种对比，并没有点出这句话的真正内涵。D.享受文明欢乐。是过去所作的一个具体例子。