认识阅读误区，提高阅读效率

我国古代兵书《孙子兵法》说：“知己知彼，百战不殆。”作为一个外语学习者，要提高自己的阅读效率，认识自己在阅读学习中的错误方法，势在必行。

误区一：有声阅读法：先将眼睛看到的文字转化为声音，再将有声的语言通过大脑进行分析，然后再对所阅读的内容进行理解。用流程图表示为：
视觉———声音———思维

该阅读法使读者不能将视觉器官直接与思维器官相联系。
试比较与之相对应的“无声阅读法”，即默读法。用流程图表示为：
视觉———思维

误区二：逐字阅读法：阅读时一个字一个字地看，而不是按词组按意群为单位来看。
读书的快慢和我们目光停留的次数及每次停留的时间成反比。停留的次数越多，停留时间越长，读的速度越慢。试看下表：

停留的次数 时间 速度
多 长 慢
少 短 快

而“一目十行”也正说明了这个道理：以词组或意群来读，一次就可看几个词，减少了目光停留的次数，节约了大量的时间，而且从词组和意群来阅读可避免误解词意，有助于快速理解阅读内容。
误区三：查词典阅读法：阅读时一遇到生词就查词典。

学外语，勤查词典是个好习惯，但作为快速获取信息的阅读，不应一遇生词，首先想到查词典。这样做，（1）浪费时间：英语中一词多义是明显的，为查出准确的词义。你还得不时与文章进行对照。甚至有时当别人把全文看完了，你还在该词上冥思苦想。（2）养成依赖心理，总觉得不查清楚，心里不踏实，即使自己可根据上下文推测出词义，也不敢断然言是。（3）破坏对文章的连贯思维：一篇文章屡次因生词而查词典，我们的思维会因此而不时地受到干扰。但并不是说阅读一点也不需词典。如果该词反复出现，不弄清楚词义确实影响对文章的整篇理解，可适当查查。否则应跳过。

试用误区里谈到的错误的方法和正确的方法阅读下面的文章，看哪种方法阅读速度更快？阅读效果更佳？

Relations between the United States and Colombia suffered for many years because of an incident involving the Republic of Panama．By the end of the Spanish-American War in 1898，many Americans felt that an easier and faster way was needed to get ships from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean．Some people in the United States first believed that a canal across Nicaragua was the answer． However，President The odore Roosevelt decided that a canal through Panama would be a better choice．

In order to build the canal，the United States had to negotiate a treaty with Colombia，which at that time controlled Panama．Roosevelt offered Colombia 10 million plus 250000 a year for 99 years for a six-mile-wide strip of land across Panama．Colombia rejected the United States'offer．This angered President Roosevelt，and negotiations with Colombia ended．

In 1903，a revolution broke out in Panama．United States ships were sent by President Roosevelt to protect the Panamanian revolutionaries from Colombian forces．The revolution succeeded，and Panama declared its independence from Colombia． The United States then negotiated with the newly formed government．A treaty was signed，and the United States began building the canal．

As a result of the incident ，Colombia and the United States remained on bad terms for many years． Not until 1921，when the United States agreed to pay Colombia some compensation for its lost territory，did relations between the two countries improve．