归纳略谈

归纳（Summarising），即对某一段落、语段或篇章的要点的总结，类似于中学语文的总结段落大意和文章的中心思想。经常练习归纳文章，不仅可以增进对篇章内容的理解，宏观地把握篇章的结构脉络，更重要的是能够增强语言的表达能力。
英文的段落组织大都是由一般到特殊，由抽象到具体，行文多是主题句（topic sentence）向支持句（supporting sentence）的层层推进。因此，归纳的关键是抓住文章或段落的话题（topic），即围绕着谈论的中心议题。而话题，常常与文章的题目密切相关。文题（title），又称“文眼”，取画龙点睛之意。由此可见，由文题入手，大致可以了解行文脉络，进而分析段与段之间、句与句之间关系，可以归纳全篇。
归纳常需就文章结构列一提纲，纲举目张，可见文章主旨所在。
When we say that Cambridge is a university town we do not mean just that it isa town with a university in it．Some other cities also have universities in them，but we do not call them university towns．A university town is one where there is no clear separation between the university buildings and the rest of the city．The university is not just one part of the town；it is allover the town．The heart of Cambridge has its shops， pubs，market places and so on，but most of it is university—colleges，faculties，libraries，clubs and other places for university staff and students．Students fill the shops，cafes，banks and churches，making these as wellpart of the university．
读完这段文字，不难看出该段是围绕Cambridge与university town的关系展开的，也就是说，话题为Cambridge ／university town。以此，列一提纲，概括文章的主旨：
I（S1—S2）Defination I for the university town ＝a town with a university in it
II（S3—S4）Defination II：no clear separation between university buildings the rest of the city
III（S5—S6）Cambridge is such a town（based on defination II）
Summary：
Cambridge is a university town where there is no clear separation between university buildings and the rest of the city．