阅读应试策略

阅读理解解题秘诀 



   
在四级考试的阅读理解测试中，考生要在35分钟之内阅读完四篇文章，包括每篇文章后的五个问题，还有每个问题的四个选项。也就是说，平均在8—9分钟内要读完一篇文章并通过思考和判断做完五道选择题，这样就要求考生必须掌握一定的解题方法。

Ⅰ.要科学、合理地安排时间。

很多考生在考完四级之后，抱怨自己的时间不够用，其主要原因是把太多的时间花在了阅读理解上，这样做了之后，考生的阅读理解题目的准确率是否提高？其实并不尽然，因为在做题的过程中，由于在时间上没有全盘的安排，以至于顾此失彼。在做阅读理解的时候，还在想着后面的词汇与结构以及完型填空。这样做下去，效率并没有提高，因此，非常有必要对考试的时间进行科学合理的安排。阅读理解部分规定时间是35分钟，因此考生应该尽量在这个要求的时间之内做完阅读理解。这样算下来的话，每篇文章最好花8分钟，然后剩下2分钟的时间进行检查，特别是那些自己不敢肯定的题目，然后再把答案涂到答题卡上相应的位置。如果说还要挤出一些时间的话，那就是词汇与结构部分的20分钟，可以挤出3—5分钟。但是，考生务必要注意：如果阅读理解部分所花的时间大于45分钟的话，后面的题目也就没有时间做了。如果考虑到整个试卷的得分以及阅读题在总分中所占的重大比重，多花点时间在阅读上在战略上也是可以接受的，但是不可在阅读上花费过多时间。

Ⅱ.科学运用阅读技巧

由于在四级考试的阅读理解要求考生在比较短的时间读完四遍文章，而且要做完20道理解题，这就要求考生掌握一定的解题技巧，以适当的节奏在要求的时间内完成所有的阅读与选择。因此，阅读理解属于快速阅读。在快速阅读的过程中，考生一般要灵活掌握和运用好“略读（skimming）”和“寻读（scanning）”以便在比较短的时间内完成阅读任务。

1．略读：略读又被称为“浏览”，其主要目的就是把握全文的大意，包括文章的中心思想，以及从几个方面来说明和论述这一中心思想。在略读的过程中，考生应该把重点放在文章的首段、尾段，对文章中间的几段，只需读第一句话，快速浏览句中的关键词语，完全可以把文章的细节忽略不计。略读技巧主要用来解决有关文章主旨、中心和标题的问题。从所花费的时间来看，最好一篇文章的略读不要超过1—2分钟，同时通过略读，也为解决后面的细节问题做好了准备。

下面，我们就以1998年1月份CET-4中Part II Passage Three中第30题为例讲如何通过略读来把握文章的中心大意。

Violin prodigies (神童), I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe. I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world’s greatest violinists, the reason for this phenomenon.“It is very clear,” he told me.“They were all Jews (犹太人) and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill-treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage.” As a result, every Jewish parent’s was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West.

 Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able to nurture (培育) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East.“In Japan, a most competitive society with stronger discipline than ours,” says Isaac Stern, “children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When western music came to Japan after World War II, that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well.” The Koreans and Chinese, as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese.

That’s a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work,biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J.S.Bach, for example, was the top of several generations of musicians, and the four of his sons had significant careers in music.

30.Which of the following titles best summarises the main idea of the passage?

A. Jewish Contribution to MusicB. Training of Musicians in the West
C. Music and Society D. The Making of Prodigies

略读这种快速阅读的技巧尤其适用于议论文和说明文。这篇文章也就是一篇关于如何培养神童的议论文，所以用略读法最能抓住文章的中心思想。根据上文所提过的要点，略读时重点放在每段的第一句话，第一段的第一句话是：“Violin prodigies (神童), I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. 不同地区有不同数量的小提琴天才儿童）；第二段的第一句话“Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able to nurture (培育) talent.(我发现，神童出现的另外一个因素是有培养天才的在某一个领域力求完美的社会)；第三段中的第一句话显然不是主题句，而是紧随其后的“Next to hard work, biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy.（除了努力工作，生物遗传在神童的培养中也起着非常重要的作用）。

综合以上这三个分论点，其主要内容就是关于如何培养神童的，那么，第30题就是询问文章的标题的，故正确答案应该是D。