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1997年10月托福考试阅读理解全真试题

/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Question 1-7 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Hotels were among the earliest facilities that bound the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
United States together. They were both creatures and creators /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
of communities, as well as symptoms of the frenetic quest for /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
community. Even in the first part of the nineteenth century, /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Americans were already forming the habit of gathering from all /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
corners of the nation for both public and private, business and /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
pleasure purposes. Conventions were the new occasions, and /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
hotels were distinctively American facilities making conven- /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
tions possible. The first national convention of a major party to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
choose a candidate for President (that of the National Republican /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
party, which met on December 12, 1831, and nominated /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Henry Clay for President) was held in Baltimore, at a hotel /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
that was then reputed to be the best in the country. The /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
presence in Baltimore of Barnum s City Hotel, a six-story building /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
with two hundred apartments helps explain why many other /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
early national political conventions were held there. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
In the longer run, too. American hotels made other national /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
conventions not only possible but pleasant and convivial. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
The growing custom of regularly assembling from afar the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
representatives of all kinds of groups - not only for political conventions, /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
but also for commercial, professional, learned, and /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
avocational ones - in turn supported the multiplying hotels. By /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
mid-twentieth century, conventions accounted for over a third /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
of the yearly room occupancy of all hotels in the nation, about /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
eighteen thousand different conventions were held annually /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
with a total attendance of about ten million persons. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Nineteenth-century American hotelkeepers, who were no /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
longer the genial, deferential "hosts" of the eighteenth-century /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
European inn, became leading citizens. Holding a large /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
stake in the community, they exercised power to make it /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
prosper. As owners or managers of the local "palace of the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
public", they were makers and shapers of a principal community /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
attraction. Travelers from abroad were mildly shocked by this /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
high social position. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
1. The word "bound" in line 1 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) led /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) protected /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) tied /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) strengthened /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
2. The National Republican party is mentioned in line 10 as an example of a group /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) from Baltimore /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) of learned people /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) owning a hotel /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) holding a convention /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
3. The word "assembling" in line 19 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) announcing /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) motivating /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) gathering /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) contracting /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
4. The word "ones" in line 22 refers to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) hotels /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) conventions /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) kinds /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) representatives /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
5. The word "it" in line 30 refers to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) European inn /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) host /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) community /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) public /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
6. It can be inferred from the passage that early hotelkeepers in the United States were /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) active politicians /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) European immigrants /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) Professional builders /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) Influential citizens /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
7. Which of the following statements about early American hotels is NOT mentioned in the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
passage? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) Travelers from abroad did not enjoy staying in them. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) Conventions were held in them /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) People used them for both business and pleasure. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) They were important to the community. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Question 8-17 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
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Beads were probably the first durable ornaments humans /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
possessed, and the intimate relationship they had with their /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
owners is reflected in the fact that beads are among the most /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
common items found in ancient archaeological sites. In the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
past, as today, men, women, and children adorned them- /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
selves with beads. In some cultures still, certain beads are /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
often worn from birth until death, and then are buried with /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
their owners for the afterlife. Abrasion due to daily wear alters /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
the surface features of beads, and if they are buried for long, /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
the effects of corrosion can further change their appearance. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Thus, interest is imparted to the bead both by use and the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
effects of time. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Besides their wear ability, either as jewelry or incorporated /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
into articles of attire, beads possess the desirable characteristics /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
of every collectible, they are durable, portable, available /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
in infinite variety, and often valuable in their original cultural /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
context as well as in today s market. Pleasing to look at and /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
touch, beads come in shapes, colors, and materials that almost /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
compel one to handle them and to sort them. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Beads are miniature bundles of secrets waiting to be /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
revealed: their history, manufacture, cultural context, economic /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
role, and ornamental use are all points of information one /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
hopes to unravel. Even the most mundane beads may have /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
traveled great distances and been exposed to many human /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
experiences. The bead researcher must gather information from /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
many diverse fields. In addition to having to be a generalist /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
while specializing in what may seem to be a narrow field, the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
researcher is faced with the problem of primary materials that /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
have little or no documentation. Many ancient beads that are /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
of ethnographic interest have often been separated from their /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
original cultural context. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
The special attractions of beads contribute to the uniqueness /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
of bead research. While often regarded as the "small /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
change of civilizations", beads are a part of every culture, and /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
they can often be used to date archaeological sites and to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
designate the degree of mercantile, technological, and cultural /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
sophistication. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
8. What is the main subject of the passage? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) Materials used in making beads. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) How beads are made /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) The reasons for studying beads /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) Different types of beads /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
9. The word "adorned" in line 5 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) protected /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) decorated /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) purchased /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) enjoyed /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
10.The word "attire" in line 14 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) ritual /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) importance /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) clothing /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) history /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
11.All of the following are given as characteristics of collectible objects EXCEPT /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) durability /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) portability /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) value /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) scarcity. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
12.According to the passage, all of the following are factors that make people want to touch beads EXCEPT the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) shape /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) color /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) material /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) odor /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
13.The word "unravel" in line 23 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) communicate /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) transport /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) improve /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) discover /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
14.The word "mundane" in line 16 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) carved /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) beautiful /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) ordinary /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) heavy /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
15.It is difficult to trace the history of certain ancient beads because they /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) are small in size /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) have been buried underground /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) have been moved from their original locations /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) are frequently lost /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
16.Knowledge of the history of some beads may be useful in the studies done by which of the following? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) Anthropologists /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) Agricultural experts /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) Medical researchers /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) Economists /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
17.Where in the passage does the author describe why the appearance of beads may change? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) Lines 3-4 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) Lines 6-8 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) Lines 12-13 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) Lines 20-22. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Question 18-31 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
In the world of birds, bill design is a prime example of /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
evolutionary fine-tuning. Shorebirds such as oystercatchers use /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
their bills to pry open the tightly sealed shells of their prey, /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
hummingbirds have stiletto-like bills to probe the deepest /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
nectar-bearing flowers, and kiwis smell out earthworms thanks to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
nostrils located at the tip of their beaks. But few birds are /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
more intimately tied to their source of sustenance than are /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
crossbills. Two species of these finches, named for the way /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
the upper and lower parts of their bills cross, rather than meet /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
in the middle, reside in the evergreen forests of North America /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
and feed on the seeds held within the cones of coniferous trees. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
The efficiency of the bill is evident when a crossbill locates /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
a cone. Using a lateral motion of its lower mandible, the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
bird separates two overlapping scales on the cone and exposes /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
the seed. The crossed mandibles enable the bird to exert a /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
powerful biting force at the bill tips, which is critical for /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
maneuvering them between the scales and spreading the scales /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
apart. Next, the crossbill snakes its long tongue into the gap /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
and draws out the seed. Using the combined action of the bill /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
and tongue, the bird cracks open and discards the woody seed /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
covering action and swallows the nutritious inner kernel. This whole /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
process takes but a few seconds and is repeated hundreds of /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
times a day. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
The bills of different crossbill species and subspecies vary - /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
some are stout and deep, others more slander and shallow. As /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
a rule, large-billed crossbills are better at securing seeds from /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
large cones, while small-billed crossbills are more deft at /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
removing the seeds from small, thin-scaled cones. Moreover, /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
the degree to which cones are naturally slightly open or tightly /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
closed helps determine which bill design is the best. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
One anomaly is the subspecies of red crossbill known as /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
the Newfoundland crossbill. This bird has a large, robust bill, /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
yet most of Newfoundland s conifers have small cones, the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
same kind of cones that the slender-billed white-wings rely on. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
18.What does the passage mainly discuss? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) The importance of conifers in evergreen forests /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) The efficiency of the bill of the crossbill /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) The variety of food available in a forest /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) The different techniques birds use to obtain food /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
19.Which of the following statements best represents the type of "evolutionary fine - turning" mentioned in line1? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) Different shapes of bills have evolved depending on the available food supply /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) White - wing crossbills have evolved from red crossbills /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) Newfoundland s conifers have evolved small cones /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) Several subspecies of crossbills have evolved from two species /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
20.Why does the author mention oystercatchers, hummingbirds, and kiwis in lines 2-5? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) They are examples of birds that live in the forest /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) Their beaks are similar to the beak of the crossbill /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) They illustrate the relationship between bill design and food supply /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) They are closely related to the crossbill /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
21.Crossbills are a type of /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) shorebird /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) hummingbird /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) kiwi /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) finch /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
22.Which of the following most closely resembles the bird described in lines 8-11? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) （图） /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) （图） /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) （图） /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) （图） /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
23.The word "which" in line 16 refers to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) seed /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) bird /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) force /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) bill /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
24.The word "gap" in line 18 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) opening /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) flower /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) mouth /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) tree /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
25.The word "discards" in line 20 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) eats /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) breaks /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) finds out /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) gets rid of /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
26.The word "others" in line 25 refers to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) bills /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) species /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) seeds /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) cones /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
27.The word "deft" in line 27 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) hungry /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) skilled /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) tired /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) pleasant /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
28.The word "robust" in line 32 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) strong /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) colorful /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) unusual /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) sharp /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
29.In what way is the Newfoundland crossbill an anomaly? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) It is larger than the other crossbill species /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) It uses a different technique to obtain food /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) The size of its bill does not fit the size of its food source /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) It does not live in evergreen forests. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
30.The final paragraph of the passage will probably continue with a discussion of /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) other species of forest birds /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) the fragile ecosystem of Newfoundland /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) what mammals live in the forests of North America /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) how the Newfoundland crossbill survives with a large bill /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
31.Where in the passage does the author describe how a crossbill removes a seed from its cone? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) The first paragraph /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) The second paragraph /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) The third paragraph /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) The forth paragraph /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Question 32-38 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
If you look closely at some of the early copies of the De- /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
laration of Independence, beyond the flourished signature of /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
John Hancock and the other 55 men who signed it, you will /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
also find the name of one woman, Mary Katherine Goddard. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
It was she, a Baltimore printer, who published the first official /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
copies of the Declaration, the first copies that included the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
names of its signers and therefore heralded the support of all /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
thirteen colonies. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Mary Goddard first got into printing at the age of twenty- /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
four when her brother opened a printing shop in Providence, /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Rhode Island, in 1762. When he proceeded to get into trouble /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
with his partners and creditors, it was Mary Goddard and her /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
mother who were left to run the shop. In 1765 they began /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
publishing the Providence Gazette, a weekly newspaper. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Similar problems seemed to follow her brother as he opened /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
businesses in Philadelphia and again in Baltimore. Each time Ms. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Goddard was brought in to run the newspapers. After starting /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Baltimore s first newspaper, The Maryland Journal, in /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
1773, her brother went broke trying to organize a colonial /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
postal service. While he was in debtor s prison. Mary Katherine /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Goddard s name appeared on the newspaper s masthead /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
for the first time. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
When the Continental Congress fled there from Philadelphia /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
in 1776, it commissioned Ms. Goddard to print the first /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
official version of the Declaration of Independence in January /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
1777. After printing the documents, she herself paid the post /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
riders to deliver the Declaration throughout the colonies. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
During the American Revolution, Mary Goddard continued /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
to publish Baltimore s only newspaper, which one historian /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
claimed was "second to none among the colonies". She was /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
also the city s postmaster from 1775 to 1789 - appointed by /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Benjamin Franklin - and is considered to be the first woman /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
to hold a federal position. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
32.With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) The accomplishments of a female publisher /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) The weakness of the newspaper industry /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) The rights of a female publisher /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) The publishing system in colonial America /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
33.Mary Goddard s name appears on the Declaration of Independence because /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) she helped write the original document /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) she published the document /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) she paid to have the document printed /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) her brother was in prison /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
34.The word "heralded" in line 7 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) influenced /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) announced /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) rejected /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) ignored /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
35.According to the passage, Mary Goddard first became involved in publishing when she /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) was appointed by Benjamin Franklin /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) signed the Declaration of Independence. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) took over her brother s printing shop /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) moved to Baltimore /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
36.The word "there" in line 23 refers to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) the colonies /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) the print shop /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) Baltimore /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) Providence /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
37.It can be inferred from the passage that Mary Goddard was /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) an accomplished businesswoman /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) extremely wealthy /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) a member of the Continental Congress /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) a famous writer /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
38.The word "position" in line 33 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) job /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) election /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) document /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) location /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Question 39-50 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Galaxies are the major building blocks of the universe. A /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
galaxy is giant family of many millions of stars, and it is held /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
together by its own gravitational field. Most of the material /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
universe is organized into galaxies of stars together with /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
gas and dust. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
There are three main types of galaxy: spiral, elliptical, /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
and irregular. The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy, a flattish disc /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
of stars with two spiral arms emerging from its central nucleus. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
About one-quarter of all galaxies have this shape. Spiral /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
galaxies are well supplied with the interstellar gas in which /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
new stars form: as the rotating spiral pattern sweeps around /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
the galaxy it compresses gas and dust, triggering the formation /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
of bright young stars and in its arms. The elliptical galaxies have a /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
symmetrical elliptical or spheroidal shape with no obvious /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
structure. Most of their member stars are very old and since /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
ellipticals are devoid of interstellar gas, no new stars are forming /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
in them. The biggest and brightest galaxies in the universe /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
are ellipticals with masses of about 1013 times that of the Sun, /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
these giants may frequently be sources of strong radio /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
emission, in which case they are called radio galaxies. About two- /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
thirds of all galaxies are elliptical. Irregular galaxies comprise /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
about one-tenth of all galaxies and they come in many /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
subclasses. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Measurement in space is quite different from measure- /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
ment on Earth. Some terrestrial distances can be expressed as /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
intervals of time, the time to fly from one continent to another /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
or the time it takes to drive to work, for example. By comparison /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
with these familiar yardsticks, the distances to the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
galaxies are incomprehensibly large, but they too are made /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
more manageable by using a time calibration, in this case the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
distance that light travels in one year. On such a scale the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
nearest giant spiral galaxy, the Andromeda galaxy, is two /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
million light years away. The most distant luminous objects seen /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
by telescopes are probably ten thousand million light years /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
away. Their light was already halfway here before the Earth /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
even formed. The light from the nearby Virgo galaxy set out /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
when reptiles still dominated the animal world. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
39.The word "major" in line 1 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) intense /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) principal /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) huge /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) unique /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
40.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) The Milky Way /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) Major categories of galaxies /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) How elliptical galaxies are formed /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) Differences between irregular and spiral galaxies /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
41.The word "which" in line 10 refers to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) dust /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) gas /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) pattern /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) galaxy /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
42.According to the passage, new stars are formed in spiral galaxies due to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) an explosion of gas /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) the compression of gas and dust /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) the combining of old stars /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) strong radio emissions /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
43.The word "symmetrical" in line 14 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) proportionally balanced /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) commonly seen /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) typically large /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) steadily growing /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
44.The word "obvious" in line 14 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) discovered /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) apparent /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) understood /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) simplistic /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
45.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of elliptical galaxies? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) They are the largest galaxies. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) They mostly contain old stars. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) They contain a high amount of interstellar gas. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) They have a spherical shape. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
46.Which of the following characteristics of radio galaxies is mentioned in the passage? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) They are a type of elliptical galaxy. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) They are usually too small to be seen with a telescope. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) They are closely related to irregular galaxies. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) They are not as bright as spiral galaxies. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
47.What percentage of galaxies are irregular? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) 10% /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) 25% /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) 50% /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) 75% /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
48.The word "they" in line 29 refers to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) intervals /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) yardsticks /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) distances /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) galaxies /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
49.Why does the author mention the Virgo galaxy and the Andromeda galaxy in the third paragraph? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) To describe the effect that distance has no visibility. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) To compare the ages of two relatively young galaxies. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) To emphasize the vast distances of the galaxies from Earth. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) To explain why certain galaxies cannot be seen by a telescope. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
50.The word "dominated" in line 37 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) threatened /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) replaced /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) were developing in /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) were prevalent in /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜