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2007-11-25
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97年1月托福阅读全真试题
°Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉQuestion 1-8 °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ Both the number and the percentage of people in the °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ rapidly during the half century following the Civil War, with °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.°Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ The development of the railroad and telegraph systems during °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ the middle third of the nineteenth century led to significant °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ improvements in the speed, volume, and regularity of shipments °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ and communications, making possible a fundamental °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ transformation in the production and distribution of goods. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ In agriculture, the transformation was marked by the °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ emergence of the grain elevators, the cotton presses, the °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ warehouses, and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ many of the nation's farmers the visible sign of a vast conspiracy °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ against them. In manufacturing, the transformation was °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ marked by the emergence of a "new factory system" in which °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ plants became larger, more complex, and more systematically °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ organized and managed. And in distribution, the transformation °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ was marked by the emergence of the jobber, the wholesaler, °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ and the mass retailer. These changes radically altered °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ the nature of work during the half century between 1870 and °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 1920. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ To be sure, there were still small workshops, where °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ skilled craftspeople manufactured products ranging from news-°Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ papers to cabinets to plumbing fixtures. There were the sweatshops °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ in city tenements, where groups of men and women in °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ household settings manufactured clothing or cigars on a piece-°Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ work basis. And there were factories in occupations such as °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ metalwork where individual contractors presided over what °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ were essentially handicraft proprietorships that coexisted within °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ a single buildings. But as the number of wage earners in °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ manufacturing rose from 2.7 million in 1880 to 4.5 million in 1900 to 8.4 million in 1920, the number of huge plants like the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia burgeoned, as °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ did the size of the average plant. (The Baldwin Works had 600 °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ employees in 1855, 3,000 in 1875, and 8,000 in 1900.) By °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 1920, at least in the northeastern United States where most of °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ the nation's manufacturing wage earners were concentrated, °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ three-quarters of those worked in factories with more than 100 °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ employees and 30 percent worked in factories with more than °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 1,000 employees. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 1. The word "domains" in line 3 is closest in meaning to °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) fields °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) locations °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) organizations °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) occupations °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 2. What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War? °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 3. The word "fundamental" in line 7 is closest in meaning to °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) possible °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) basic °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) gradual °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) unique °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 4. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as part of the "new factory system?" °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) A change in the organization of factories. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) A growth in the complexity of factories. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) An increase in the size of factories. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) An increase in the cost of manufacturing industrial products. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 5. Which of the following statements about manufacturing before 1870 can be inferred from the passage? °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) Most manufacturing activity was highly organized. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) Most manufacturing occurred in relatively small plants. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) The most commonly manufactured goods were cotton presses. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) Manufacturing and agriculture each made up about half of the nation's economy. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 6. The word "skilled" in line 16 is closest in meaning to °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) hardworking °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) expert °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) well-paid °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) industrial °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 7. The word "presided over" in line 20 are closest in meaning to °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) managed °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) led to °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) worked in °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) produced °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 8. The author mentions the Baldwin Locomotive Works in lines 23-24 because it was °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) a well-known metal-works °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) the first plant of its kind in Philadelphia °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) typical of the large factories that were becoming more common °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) typical of factories that consisted of a single building °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ Question 9-19 °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ Stars may be spheres, but not every celestial object is °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ spherical. Objects in the universe show a variety of shapes: °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ round planets (some with rings), tailed comets, wispy cosmic °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ gas and dust clouds, ringed nebulae, pinwheel-shaped spiral °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ galaxies, and so on. But none of the shapes on this list describes °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ the largest single entities in the universe. These are the °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ double radio sources, galaxies with huge clouds of radio emission °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ that dwarf the visible galaxies, sometimes by a factor of a °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ hundred or more. Stretching over distances greater than a million °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ light-years, these radio-emitting regions resemble twin turbulent °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ gas clouds, typically forming dumbbell-like shapes with °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ the visible galaxy (when it is visible) in the center. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ These double radio sources present astronomers with a °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ puzzle. Their radio emission arises from the synchrotron °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ process, in which electrons accelerated to nearly the speed of light °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ move through magnetic fields. However, in view of the rate at °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ which the radio sources emit energy, they should disappear in °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ a few million years as their electrons slow down and cease °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ producing radiation. Somehow new electrons must be continually °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ accelerated to nearly the speed of light, otherwise, by now °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ almost none of the double radio sources would be observed. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ With the advent of high-resolution radio interferometers °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ during the late 1970's, part of the answer became clear: the °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ electrons are produced in jets that are shot out in opposite °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ directions from the center of galaxy. Remarkably narrow and °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ highly directional, the jets move outward at speeds close to the °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ speed of light. When the jets strike the highly rarefied gas °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ that permeates intergalactic space, the fast-moving electrons °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ lose their highly directional motion and form vast clouds of °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ radio-emitting gas. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ Cosmic jets have ranked among the hottest topics of °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ astronomical research in recent years as astronomers strive to °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ understand where they come from. Why should a galaxy eject °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ matter at such tremendous speeds in two narrow jets? And °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ why are such jets not seen in the Milky Way? °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 9. The word "celestial" in line 1 could best be replaced by °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) visible °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) astronomical °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) glowing °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) scientific °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 10. The word "entities" in line 4 is closest in meaning to °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) factors °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) processes °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) objects °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) puzzles °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 11. In the first paragraph, the author describes objects in the universe in terms of their °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) color °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) origin °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) location °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) shape °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 12. Which of the following is the best representation of the clouds of radio emission described in the first paragraph? °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) (图) °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) (图) °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) (图) °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) (图) °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 13. According to the passage, scientists do not fully understand why double radio sources °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) have not eventually disappeared °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) cannot be observed with a telescope °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) are beginning to slow down °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) are not as big as some planets and stars °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 14. The word "their" in line 22 refers to °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) speeds °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) directions °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) electrons °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) clouds °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 15. According to the passage, what happens when electrons and gas collide in space? °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) The gas becomes more condensed °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) The gas becomes less radiated °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) The electrons disperse °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) The electrons become negatively charged °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 16. The author suggests that astronomers consider the study of cosmic jets to be °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) an obsolete scientific field °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) an unprofitable venture °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) an intriguing challenge °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) a subjective debate °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 17. In what lines does the passage compare the size of double radio sources with that of other galaxies? °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) Lines 4-6 °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) Lines 12-14 °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) Lines 19-20 °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) Lines 23-24 °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 18. Where in the passage does the author mention a technology that aided in the understanding of double radio sources? °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) Line 2 °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) Line 7 °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) Line 17 °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) Line 21 °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 19. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) specific double radio sources °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) an explanation of the synchrotron process °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) possible reasons for the presence of cosmic jets °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) the discovery of the first double radio sources. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ Questions 20-28 °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ from its colonial predecessors was far from a rich one, and °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ in fact, in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ of artisans and craftspeople. Stone carvers engraved their motifs °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ of skulls and crossbones and other religious icons of death °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ into the gray slabs that we still see standing today in old burial °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ grounds. Some skilled craftspeople made intricately carved °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ wooden ornamentations for furniture or architectural decorations, °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ while others caved wooden shop signs and ships' figureheads.°Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ Although they often achieved expression and formal excellence °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ in their generally primitive style, they remained artisans °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ skilled in the craft of carving and constituted a group distinct °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ from what we normally think of as "sculptors" in today's °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ use of the word. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ On the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ desired, Americans turned to foreign sculptors, as in the1770's °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ when the cities of New York and Charleston, South Carolina, °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ statues of William Pitt. Wilton also made a lead equestrian °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ image of King George III that was created in New York in °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 1770 and torn down by zealous patriots six years later. A few °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ marble memorials with carved busts, urns, or other decorations °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ were produced in England and brought to the colonies to °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ be set in the walls of churches-as in King's Chapel in °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ Boston. But sculpture as a high art, practiced by artists who °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ knew both the artistic theory of their Renaissance-Baroque-°Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ Rococo predecessors and the various technical procedures of modeling,°Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ casting, and carving rich three-dimensional forms, was °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ not known among Americans in 1776. Indeed, for many years °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ thereafter, the United States had two groups from which to °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ choose - either the local craftspeople or the imported talent of °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ European sculptors. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ The eighteenth century was not one in which powerful °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ sculptural conceptions were developed. Add to this the timidity °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ with which unschooled artisans - originally trained as stonemasons, °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ carpenters, or cabinetmakers - attacked the medium °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ from which they were to make their images, and one understands°Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ more fully the development of sculpture made in the°Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ United States in the late eighteenth century. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 20. What is the main idea of the passage? °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) There was great demand for the work of eighteenth-century artisans. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) Skilled sculptors did not exist in the United States in the 1770's. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) Many foreign sculptors worked in the United States after 1776. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) American sculptors were hampered by a lack of tools and materials. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 21. The word "motifs" in line 3 is closest in meaning to °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) tools °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) prints °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) signatures °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) designs °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 22. The work of which of the following could be seen in burial grounds? °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) European sculptors °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) Carpenters °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) Stone carves °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) Cabinetmakers °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 23. The word "other" in line 6 refers to °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) craftspeople °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) decorations °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) ornamentations °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) shop signs °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 24. The word "distinct" in line 9 is closest in meaning to °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) separate °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) assembled °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) notable °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) inferior °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 25. The word "rare" in line 11 is closest in meaning to °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) festive °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) infrequent °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) delightful °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) unexpected °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 26. Why does the author mention Joseph Wilton in line 13? °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) He was an English sculptor who did work in the United States. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) He was well known for his wood carvings °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) He produced sculpture for churches. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) He settled in the United States in 1776. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 27. What can be inferred about the importation of marble memorials from England? °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) Such sculpture was less expensive to produce locally than to import °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) Such sculpture was not available in the United States. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) Such sculpture was as prestigious as those made locally. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) The materials found abroad were superior. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 28. How did the work of American carvers in 1776 differ from that of contemporary sculptors? °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) It was less time-consuming °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) It was more dangerous. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) It was more expensive. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) It was less refined. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ Question 29-39 °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ of adaptations for reducing the effects of extreme heat. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ than absorb the Sun's rays. Desert mammals also depart from °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ temperature. Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ deep inside the body, which would involve the expenditure °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ to rise to what would normally be fever height, and °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ in Grant's gazelles. The overheated body then cools down °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ during the cold desert night, and indeed the temperature may °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ camel. This is an advantage since the heat of the first few °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ excessive buildup of heat does not begin until well into °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ the day. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ loss of body water to a point that would be fatal for non-adapted °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ animals. The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ weight as water without harm to itself, whereas human beings °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight. An °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ equally important adaptation is the ability to replenish this °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ water loss at one drink. Desert animals can drink prodigious °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to imbibe °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ over 100 liters in a few minutes. A very dehydrated person, °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ one session, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ from water intoxication. The tolerance of water loss is of °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to remain °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ far-flung pastures. Desert-adapted mammals have the further °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated, it is a °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ common experience in people that appetite is lost even under °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ conditions of moderate thirst. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 29. What is the main topic of the passage? °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) Weather variations in the desert °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) Adaptations of desert animals °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) Diseased of desert animals °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) Human use of desert animals. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 30. According to the passage, why is light coloring an advantage to large desert animals? °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) It helps them hide from predators. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) It does not absorb sunlight as much as dark colors. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) It helps them see their young at night °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) It keeps them cool at night. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 31. The word "maintaining" in line 4 is closest in meaning to °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) measuring °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) inheriting °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) preserving °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) delaying °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 32. The author uses of Grant's gazelle as an example of °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) an animal with a low average temperature °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) an animal that is not as well adapted as the camel °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) a desert animal that can withstand high body temperatures °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) a desert animal with a constant body temperature °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 33. When is the internal temperature of a large desert mammal lower? °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) Just before sunrise °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) In the middle of the day °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) Just after sunset °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) Just after drinking °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 34. The word "tolerate" in line 13 is closest in meaning to °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) endure °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) replace °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) compensate °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) reduce °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 35. What causes water intoxication? °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) Drinking too much water very quickly °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) Drinking polluted water °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) Bacteria in water °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) Lack of water. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 36. What does the author imply about desert-adapted mammals? °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) They do not need to eat much food. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) They can eat large quantities quickly °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) They easily lose their appetites. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) They can travel long distances looking for food. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 37. Why does the author mention humans in the second paragraph? °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) To show how they use camels. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) To contrast them to desert mammals. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) To give instructions about desert survival. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) To show how they have adapted to desert life. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 38. The word "obtain" in line 23 is closest in meaning to °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) digest °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) carry °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) save °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) get °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 39. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an adaptation of large desert animals? °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) Variation in body temperatures °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) Eating while dehydrated °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) Drinking water quickly °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) Being active at night. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ Questions 40-50 °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ Rent control is the system whereby the local government °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ tells building owners how much they can charge their tenants °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ in rent. In the United States, rent controls date back to at °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ least World War II. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ In 1943 the federal government imposed rent controls to °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ help solve the problem of housing shortages during wartime. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ The federal program ended after the war, but in some locations, °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ including New York City, controls continued. Under °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ New York's controls, a landlord generally cannot raise rents °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ on apartments as long as the tenants continue to renew their °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ leases. In places such as Santa Monica, California, rent controls °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ are more recent. They were spurred by the inflation of °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ the 1970's, which, combined with California's rapid population °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ growth, pushed housing prices, as well as rents, to record °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ levels. In 1979 Santa Monica's municipal government ordered °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ landlords to roll back their rents to the levels charged in 1978. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ Future rents could only go up by two-thirds as much as any °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ increase in the overall price level. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ In any housing market, rental prices perform three functions:°Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (1) promoting the efficient maintenance of existing °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ housing and stimulating the construction of new housing, (2) °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ allocating existing scarce housing among competing claimants, °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ and (3) rationing use of existing housing by potential renters. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ One result of rent control is a decrease in the construction °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ of new rental units. Rent controls have artificially depressed °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ the most important long-term determinant of profitability - °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ rents. Consider some examples. In a recent year in Dallas, °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ Texas, with a 16 percent rental vacancy rate but no rent °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ control laws, 11,000 new housing units were built. In the same °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ year, in San Francisco, California, only 2,000 units were °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ built. The major difference? San Francisco has only a 1.6 °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ percent vacancy rate but stringent rent control laws. In New York °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ City, except for government-subsidized construction, the only °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ rental units being built are luxury units, which are exempt °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ from controls. In Santa Monica, California, new apartments °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ are not being constructed. New office rental space and °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ commercial developments are, however. They are °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ exempt from rent controls. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 40. What does the passage mainly discuss? °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) The construction of apartments in the United States. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) Causes and effects of rent control °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) The fluctuations of rental prices °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) The shortage of affordable housing in the United States. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 41. The word "They" in line 9 refers to °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) the tenants °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) their leases °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) places °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) rent controls. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 42. Which of the following was NOT a reason for the introduction of rent controls in Santa Monica, California? °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) Rapid population growth °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) Inflation °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) Economic conditions during wartime °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) Record-high housing prices °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 43. The phrase "roll back" in lines 11-12 is closest in meaning to °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) credit °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) measure °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) vary °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) reduce °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 44. The word "stimulating" in line 15 is closest in meaning to °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) experimenting with °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) identifying °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) estimating °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) encouraging °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 45. It can be inferred that the purpose of rent control is to °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) protect tenants °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) promote construction °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) increase vacancy rates °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) decrease sales of rental units °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 46. The word "depressed" in line 19 is closest in meaning to °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) saddened °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) created °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) lowered °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) defeated °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 47. The information in the last paragraph supports which of the following statements? °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) San Francisco has eliminated its rent control laws. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) Rent control leads to a reduction in the construction of housing units °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) Luxury apartments are rarely built when there is rent control °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) There is a growing need for government-subsidized housing. °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 48. According to the passage, which of the following cities does NOT currently have rent °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ controls? °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) Santa Monica °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) Dallas °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) San Francisco °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) New York City °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 49. The word "stringent" in line 23 is closest in meaning to °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) straightforward °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) strict °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) expanded °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) efficient °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ 50. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT exempt from rent control? °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (A) Luxury apartments °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (B) Commercial development °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (C) Moderately priced apartments °Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ (D) Office space.°Ikî6Çforum.liuxuehome.compÍÄõÔ
HèÉ
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