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97年1月托福阅读全真试题

97年1月托福阅读全真试题

gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
Question 1-8 gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
Both the number and the percentage of people in the gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
rapidly during the half century following the Civil War, with gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
The development of the railroad and telegraph systems during gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
the middle third of the nineteenth century led to significant gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
improvements in the speed, volume, and regularity of shipments gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
and communications, making possible a fundamental gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
transformation in the production and distribution of goods. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
In agriculture, the transformation was marked by the gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
emergence of the grain elevators, the cotton presses, the gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
warehouses, and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
many of the nation's farmers the visible sign of a vast conspiracy gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
against them. In manufacturing, the transformation was gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
marked by the emergence of a "new factory system" in which gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
plants became larger, more complex, and more systematically gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
organized and managed. And in distribution, the transformation gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
was marked by the emergence of the jobber, the wholesaler, gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
and the mass retailer. These changes radically altered gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
the nature of work during the half century between 1870 and gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
1920. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
To be sure, there were still small workshops, where gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
skilled craftspeople manufactured products ranging from news-gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
papers to cabinets to plumbing fixtures. There were the sweatshops gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
in city tenements, where groups of men and women in gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
household settings manufactured clothing or cigars on a piece-gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
work basis. And there were factories in occupations such as gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
metalwork where individual contractors presided over what gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
were essentially handicraft proprietorships that coexisted within gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
a single buildings. But as the number of wage earners in gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
manufacturing rose from 2.7 million in 1880 to 4.5 million in 1900 to 8.4 million in 1920, the number of huge plants like the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia burgeoned, as gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
did the size of the average plant. (The Baldwin Works had 600 gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
employees in 1855, 3,000 in 1875, and 8,000 in 1900.) By gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
1920, at least in the northeastern United States where most of gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
the nation's manufacturing wage earners were concentrated, gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
three-quarters of those worked in factories with more than 100 gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
employees and 30 percent worked in factories with more than gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
1,000 employees. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
1. The word "domains" in line 3 is closest in meaning to gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) fields gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) locations gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) organizations gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) occupations gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
2. What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War? gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
3. The word "fundamental" in line 7 is closest in meaning to gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) possible gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) basic gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) gradual gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) unique gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
4. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as part of the "new factory system?" gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) A change in the organization of factories. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) A growth in the complexity of factories. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) An increase in the size of factories. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) An increase in the cost of manufacturing industrial products. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
5. Which of the following statements about manufacturing before 1870 can be inferred from the passage? gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) Most manufacturing activity was highly organized. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) Most manufacturing occurred in relatively small plants. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) The most commonly manufactured goods were cotton presses. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) Manufacturing and agriculture each made up about half of the nation's economy. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
6. The word "skilled" in line 16 is closest in meaning to gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) hardworking gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) expert gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) well-paid gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) industrial gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
7. The word "presided over" in line 20 are closest in meaning to gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) managed gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) led to gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) worked in gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) produced gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
8. The author mentions the Baldwin Locomotive Works in lines 23-24 because it was gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) a well-known metal-works gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) the first plant of its kind in Philadelphia gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) typical of the large factories that were becoming more common gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) typical of factories that consisted of a single building gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
Question 9-19 gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
Stars may be spheres, but not every celestial object is gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
spherical. Objects in the universe show a variety of shapes: gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
round planets (some with rings), tailed comets, wispy cosmic gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gas and dust clouds, ringed nebulae, pinwheel-shaped spiral gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
galaxies, and so on. But none of the shapes on this list describes gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
the largest single entities in the universe. These are the gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
double radio sources, galaxies with huge clouds of radio emission gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
that dwarf the visible galaxies, sometimes by a factor of a gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
hundred or more. Stretching over distances greater than a million gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
light-years, these radio-emitting regions resemble twin turbulent gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gas clouds, typically forming dumbbell-like shapes with gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
the visible galaxy (when it is visible) in the center. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
These double radio sources present astronomers with a gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
puzzle. Their radio emission arises from the synchrotron gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
process, in which electrons accelerated to nearly the speed of light gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
move through magnetic fields. However, in view of the rate at gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
which the radio sources emit energy, they should disappear in gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
a few million years as their electrons slow down and cease gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
producing radiation. Somehow new electrons must be continually gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
accelerated to nearly the speed of light, otherwise, by now gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
almost none of the double radio sources would be observed. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
With the advent of high-resolution radio interferometers gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
during the late 1970's, part of the answer became clear: the gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
electrons are produced in jets that are shot out in opposite gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
directions from the center of galaxy. Remarkably narrow and gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
highly directional, the jets move outward at speeds close to the gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
speed of light. When the jets strike the highly rarefied gas gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
that permeates intergalactic space, the fast-moving electrons gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
lose their highly directional motion and form vast clouds of gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
radio-emitting gas. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
Cosmic jets have ranked among the hottest topics of gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
astronomical research in recent years as astronomers strive to gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
understand where they come from. Why should a galaxy eject gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
matter at such tremendous speeds in two narrow jets? And gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
why are such jets not seen in the Milky Way? gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
9. The word "celestial" in line 1 could best be replaced by gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) visible gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) astronomical gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) glowing gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) scientific gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
10. The word "entities" in line 4 is closest in meaning to gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) factors gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) processes gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) objects gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) puzzles gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
11. In the first paragraph, the author describes objects in the universe in terms of their gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) color gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) origin gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) location gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) shape gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
12. Which of the following is the best representation of the clouds of radio emission described in the first paragraph? gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A)
(图) gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B)
(图) gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C)
(图) gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D)
(图) gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
13. According to the passage, scientists do not fully understand why double radio sources gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) have not eventually disappeared gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) cannot be observed with a telescope gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) are beginning to slow down gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) are not as big as some planets and stars gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
14. The word "their" in line 22 refers to gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) speeds gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) directions gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) electrons gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) clouds gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
15. According to the passage, what happens when electrons and gas collide in space? gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) The gas becomes more condensed gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) The gas becomes less radiated gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) The electrons disperse gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) The electrons become negatively charged gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
16. The author suggests that astronomers consider the study of cosmic jets to be gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) an obsolete scientific field gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) an unprofitable venture gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) an intriguing challenge gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) a subjective debate gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
17. In what lines does the passage compare the size of double radio sources with that of other galaxies? gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) Lines 4-6 gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) Lines 12-14 gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) Lines 19-20 gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) Lines 23-24 gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
18. Where in the passage does the author mention a technology that aided in the understanding of double radio sources? gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) Line 2 gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) Line 7 gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) Line 17 gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) Line 21 gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
19. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) specific double radio sources gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) an explanation of the synchrotron process gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) possible reasons for the presence of cosmic jets gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) the discovery of the first double radio sources. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
Questions 20-28 gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
from its colonial predecessors was far from a rich one, and gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
in fact, in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
of artisans and craftspeople. Stone carvers engraved their motifs gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
of skulls and crossbones and other religious icons of death gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
into the gray slabs that we still see standing today in old burial gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
grounds. Some skilled craftspeople made intricately carved gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
wooden ornamentations for furniture or architectural decorations, gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
while others caved wooden shop signs and ships' figureheads.gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
Although they often achieved expression and formal excellence gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
in their generally primitive style, they remained artisans gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
skilled in the craft of carving and constituted a group distinct gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
from what we normally think of as "sculptors" in today's gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
use of the word. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
On the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
desired, Americans turned to foreign sculptors, as in the1770's gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
when the cities of New York and Charleston, South Carolina, gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
statues of William Pitt. Wilton also made a lead equestrian gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
image of King George III that was created in New York in gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
1770 and torn down by zealous patriots six years later. A few gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
marble memorials with carved busts, urns, or other decorations gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
were produced in England and brought to the colonies to gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
be set in the walls of churches-as in King's Chapel in gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
Boston. But sculpture as a high art, practiced by artists who gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
knew both the artistic theory of their Renaissance-Baroque-gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
Rococo predecessors and the various technical procedures of modeling,gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
casting, and carving rich three-dimensional forms, was gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
not known among Americans in 1776. Indeed, for many years gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
thereafter, the United States had two groups from which to gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
choose - either the local craftspeople or the imported talent of gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
European sculptors. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
The eighteenth century was not one in which powerful gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
sculptural conceptions were developed. Add to this the timidity gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
with which unschooled artisans - originally trained as stonemasons, gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
carpenters, or cabinetmakers - attacked the medium gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
from which they were to make their images, and one understandsgñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
more fully the development of sculpture made in thegñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
United States in the late eighteenth century. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
20. What is the main idea of the passage? gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) There was great demand for the work of eighteenth-century artisans. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) Skilled sculptors did not exist in the United States in the 1770's. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) Many foreign sculptors worked in the United States after 1776. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) American sculptors were hampered by a lack of tools and materials. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
21. The word "motifs" in line 3 is closest in meaning to gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) tools gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) prints gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) signatures gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) designs gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
22. The work of which of the following could be seen in burial grounds? gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) European sculptors gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) Carpenters gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) Stone carves gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) Cabinetmakers gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
23. The word "other" in line 6 refers to gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) craftspeople gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) decorations gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) ornamentations gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) shop signs gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
24. The word "distinct" in line 9 is closest in meaning to gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) separate gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) assembled gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) notable gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) inferior gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
25. The word "rare" in line 11 is closest in meaning to gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) festive gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) infrequent gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) delightful gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) unexpected gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
26. Why does the author mention Joseph Wilton in line 13? gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) He was an English sculptor who did work in the United States. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) He was well known for his wood carvings gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) He produced sculpture for churches. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) He settled in the United States in 1776. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
27. What can be inferred about the importation of marble memorials from England? gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) Such sculpture was less expensive to produce locally than to import gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) Such sculpture was not available in the United States. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) Such sculpture was as prestigious as those made locally. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) The materials found abroad were superior. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
28. How did the work of American carvers in 1776 differ from that of contemporary sculptors? gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) It was less time-consuming gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) It was more dangerous. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) It was more expensive. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) It was less refined. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
Question 29-39 gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
of adaptations for reducing the effects of extreme heat. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
than absorb the Sun's rays. Desert mammals also depart from gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
temperature. Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
deep inside the body, which would involve the expenditure gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
to rise to what would normally be fever height, and gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
in Grant's gazelles. The overheated body then cools down gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
during the cold desert night, and indeed the temperature may gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
camel. This is an advantage since the heat of the first few gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
excessive buildup of heat does not begin until well into gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
the day. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
loss of body water to a point that would be fatal for non-adapted gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
animals. The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
weight as water without harm to itself, whereas human beings gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight. An gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
equally important adaptation is the ability to replenish this gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
water loss at one drink. Desert animals can drink prodigious gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to imbibe gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
over 100 liters in a few minutes. A very dehydrated person, gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
one session, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
from water intoxication. The tolerance of water loss is of gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to remain gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
far-flung pastures. Desert-adapted mammals have the further gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated, it is a gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
common experience in people that appetite is lost even under gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
conditions of moderate thirst. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
29. What is the main topic of the passage? gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) Weather variations in the desert gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) Adaptations of desert animals gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) Diseased of desert animals gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) Human use of desert animals. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
30. According to the passage, why is light coloring an advantage to large desert animals? gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) It helps them hide from predators. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) It does not absorb sunlight as much as dark colors. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) It helps them see their young at night gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) It keeps them cool at night. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
31. The word "maintaining" in line 4 is closest in meaning to gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) measuring gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) inheriting gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) preserving gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) delaying gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
32. The author uses of Grant's gazelle as an example of gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) an animal with a low average temperature gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) an animal that is not as well adapted as the camel gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) a desert animal that can withstand high body temperatures gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) a desert animal with a constant body temperature gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
33. When is the internal temperature of a large desert mammal lower? gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) Just before sunrise gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) In the middle of the day gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) Just after sunset gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) Just after drinking gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
34. The word "tolerate" in line 13 is closest in meaning to gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) endure gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) replace gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) compensate gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) reduce gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
35. What causes water intoxication? gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) Drinking too much water very quickly gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) Drinking polluted water gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) Bacteria in water gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) Lack of water. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
36. What does the author imply about desert-adapted mammals? gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) They do not need to eat much food. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) They can eat large quantities quickly gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) They easily lose their appetites. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) They can travel long distances looking for food. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
37. Why does the author mention humans in the second paragraph? gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) To show how they use camels. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) To contrast them to desert mammals. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) To give instructions about desert survival. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) To show how they have adapted to desert life. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
38. The word "obtain" in line 23 is closest in meaning to gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) digest gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) carry gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) save gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) get gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
39. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an adaptation of large desert animals? gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) Variation in body temperatures gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) Eating while dehydrated gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) Drinking water quickly gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) Being active at night. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
Questions 40-50 gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
Rent control is the system whereby the local government gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
tells building owners how much they can charge their tenants gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
in rent. In the United States, rent controls date back to at gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
least World War II. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
In 1943 the federal government imposed rent controls to gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
help solve the problem of housing shortages during wartime. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
The federal program ended after the war, but in some locations, gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
including New York City, controls continued. Under gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
New York's controls, a landlord generally cannot raise rents gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
on apartments as long as the tenants continue to renew their gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
leases. In places such as Santa Monica, California, rent controls gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
are more recent. They were spurred by the inflation of gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
the 1970's, which, combined with California's rapid population gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
growth, pushed housing prices, as well as rents, to record gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
levels. In 1979 Santa Monica's municipal government ordered gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
landlords to roll back their rents to the levels charged in 1978. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
Future rents could only go up by two-thirds as much as any gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
increase in the overall price level. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
In any housing market, rental prices perform three functions:gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(1) promoting the efficient maintenance of existing gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
housing and stimulating the construction of new housing, (2) gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
allocating existing scarce housing among competing claimants, gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
and (3) rationing use of existing housing by potential renters. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
One result of rent control is a decrease in the construction gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
of new rental units. Rent controls have artificially depressed gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
the most important long-term determinant of profitability - gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
rents. Consider some examples. In a recent year in
Dallas, gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
Texas, with a 16 percent rental vacancy rate but no rent gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
control laws, 11,000 new housing units were built. In the same gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
year, in San Francisco, California, only 2,000 units were gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
built. The major difference? San Francisco has only a 1.6 gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
percent vacancy rate but stringent rent control laws. In
New York gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
City, except for government-subsidized construction, the only gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
rental units being built are luxury units, which are exempt gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
from controls. In Santa Monica, California, new apartments gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
are not being constructed. New office rental space and gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
commercial developments are, however. They are gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
exempt from rent controls. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
40. What does the passage mainly discuss? gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) The construction of apartments in the United States. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) Causes and effects of rent control gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) The fluctuations of rental prices gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) The shortage of affordable housing in the United States. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
41. The word "They" in line 9 refers to gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) the tenants gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) their leases gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) places gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) rent controls. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
42. Which of the following was NOT a reason for the introduction of rent controls in Santa Monica, California? gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) Rapid population growth gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) Inflation gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) Economic conditions during wartime gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) Record-high housing prices gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
43. The phrase "roll back" in lines 11-12 is closest in meaning to gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) credit gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) measure gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) vary gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) reduce gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
44. The word "stimulating" in line 15 is closest in meaning to gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) experimenting with gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) identifying gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) estimating gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) encouraging gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
45. It can be inferred that the purpose of rent control is to gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) protect tenants gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) promote construction gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) increase vacancy rates gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) decrease sales of rental units gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
46. The word "depressed" in line 19 is closest in meaning to gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) saddened gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) created gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) lowered gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) defeated gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
47. The information in the last paragraph supports which of the following statements? gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) San Francisco has eliminated its rent control laws. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) Rent control leads to a reduction in the construction of housing units gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) Luxury apartments are rarely built when there is rent control gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) There is a growing need for government-subsidized housing. gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
48. According to the passage, which of the following cities does NOT currently have rent gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
controls? gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) Santa Monica gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) Dallas gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) San Francisco gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) New York City gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
49. The word "stringent" in line 23 is closest in meaning to gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) straightforward gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) strict gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) expanded gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) efficient gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
50. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT exempt from rent control? gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(A) Luxury apartments gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(B) Commercial development gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(C) Moderately priced apartments gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ
(D) Office space.
gñ`Ë/Y%œ#îforum.liuxuehome.comõ¹ òŽêŽ

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