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1995年10月托福阅读全真试题

/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Questions 1-13 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
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Atmospheric pressure can support a column of water up to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
10 meters high. But plants can move water much higher, the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
sequoia tree can pump water to its very top, more than 100 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
meters above the ground. Until the end of the nineteenth century, /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
the movement of water in trees and other tall plants /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
was a mystery. Some botanists hypothesized that the living /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
cells of plants acted as pumps, But many experiments demonstrated /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
that the stems of plants in which all the cells are killed /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
can still move water to appreciable heights. Other explanations /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
for the movement of water in plants have been based on root /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
pressure, a push on the water from the roots at the bottom of /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
the plant. But root pressure is not nearly great enough to push /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
water to the tops of tall trees. Furthermore, the conifers, /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
which are among the tallest trees, have unusually low root /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
pressures. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
If water is not pumped to the top of a tall tree, and if it /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
is not pushed to the top of a tall tree, then we may ask, How /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
does it get there? According to the currently accepted cohesion /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
-tension theory, water is pulled there. The pull on a rising /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
column of water in a plant results from the evaporation of /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
water at the top of the plant. As water is lost from the surface of /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
roots. The same forces that create surface tension in any /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
sample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
unbroken columns of water. When water is confined in tubes of /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
very small bore, the forces of cohesion (the attraction between /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
water molecules) are so great that the strength of a column /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
of water compares with the strength of a steel wire of /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
the same diameter. This cohesive strength permits columns of /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
water to be pulled to great heights without being broken. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
1. How many theories does the author mention? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) One /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) Two /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) Three /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) Four /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
2. The passage answers which of the following questions? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) What is the effect of atmospheric pressure on foliage? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) When do dead cells harm plant growth? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) How does water get to the tops of trees? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) Why is root pressure weak? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
3. The word "demonstrated" in line 7 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) ignored /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) showed /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) disguised /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) distinguished /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
4. What do the experiments mentioned in lines 7-9 prove? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) Plant stems die when deprived of water /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) Cells in plant stems do not pump water /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) Plants cannot move water to high altitudes /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) Plant cells regulate pressure within stems /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
5.How do botanists know that root pressure is not the only force that moves water in plants? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) Some very tall trees have weak root pressure. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) Root pressures decrease in winter. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) Plants can live after their roots die. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) Water in a plant's roots is not connected to water in its stem. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
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6. Which of the following statements does the passage support? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) Water is pushed to the tops of trees. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) Botanists have proven that living cells act as pumps. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) Atmospheric pressure draws water to the tops of tall trees. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) Botanists have changed their theories of how water moves in plants. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
7. The word "it" in line 16 refers to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) top /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) tree /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) water /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) cohesion-tension theory. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
8. The word "there" in line 18 refers to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) treetops /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) roots /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) water columns /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) tubes /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
9. What causes the tension that draws water up a plant? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) Humidity /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) Plant growth /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) Root pressure /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) Evaporation /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
10. The word "extend" in line 24 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) stretch /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) branch /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) increase /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) rotate /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
11. According to the passage, why does water travel through plants in unbroken columns? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) Root pressure moves the water very rapidly. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) The attraction between water molecules in strong. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) The living cells of plants push the water molecules together. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) Atmospheric pressure supports the columns. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
12.Why does the author mention steel wire in line 30? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) To illustrate another means of pulling water /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) To demonstrate why wood is a good building material /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) To indicate the size of a column of water /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) To emphasize the strength of cohesive forces in water /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
13.Where in the passage does the author give an example of a plant with low root pressure? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) Lines3-4 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) Lines5-7 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) Lines10-11 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) Lines12-13 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
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Question 14-22 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
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Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
times more distant from city centers than they were in the pre- /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
modern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
could afford it could live far removed from the old city center /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
The new accessibility of land around the periphery of /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
years – lots that could have housed five to six million people. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Of course, many were never occupied; there was always /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
population growth. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
14. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) Types of mass transportation. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) Instability of urban life. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) How supply and demand determine land use. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) The effects of mass transportation on urban expansion. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
15. The author mentions all of the following as effects of mass transportation on cities EXCEPT /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) growth in city area /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) separation of commercial and residential districts. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) Changes in life in the inner city. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) Increasing standards of living. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
16. The word "vast" in line 5 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) large /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) basic /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) new /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) urban /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
17. The word "sparked" in line 15 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) brought about /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) surrounded /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) sent out /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) followed /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
18. Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) To show that mass transit changed many cities. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) To contrast their rates of growth /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
19. The word "potential" in line 23 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) certain /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) popular /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) improved /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) possible /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
20. The word "many" in line 25 refers to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) people /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) lots /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) years /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) developers /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
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21. According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) It was expensive. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) It happened too slowly. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) It was unplanned. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) It created a demand for public transportation. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
22. The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) that is large /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) that is used as a model for land development /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) where land development exceeded population growth /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) with an excellent mass transportation system. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Question 23-33 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
The preservation of embryos and juveniles is rare occurrence /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
in the fossil record. The tiny, delicate skeletons are usually /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
scattered by scavengers or destroyed by weathering before /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
they can be fossilized. Ichthyosaurs had a higher chance of /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
being preserved than did terrestrial creatures because, as marine /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
animals, a lack if swift currents and waves to jumble and carry /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
ichthyosaur fossils. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
black, bituminous marine shales deposited about 190 million /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
reptiles, fish, and invertebrates have been recovered from /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
fossils containing preserved embryos. Ichthyosaurs with embryos /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical develop- /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
ment; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
between 20 and 30 inches long. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Why are there so many pregnant females and young at /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Holzmaden when they are so rare elsewhere? The quality of /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
preservation is almost unmatched, and quarry operations have /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
question of how there came to be such a concentration of /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
of giving birth. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
23. The passage supports which of the following conclusions? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) Some species of ichthyosaurs decayed more rapidly than other species. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) Ichthyosaur newborns are smaller than other newborn marine reptiles. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) Ichthyosaurs were more advanced than terrestrial creatures. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) Ichthyosaurs may have gathered at Holzmaden to give birth. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
24. The word "they" in line 4 refers to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) skeletons /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) scavengers /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) creatures /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) environments /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
25. All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization EXCEPT the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) speed of burial /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) conditions of the water /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) rate at which soft tissues decay /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) cause of death of the animal. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
26. Which of the following is true of the fossil deposits discussed in the passage? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) They include examples of newly discovered species. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) They contain large numbers of well-preserved specimens /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) They are older than fossils found in other places /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) They have been analyzed more carefully than other fossils. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
27. The word "outstanding" in line 18 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) extensive /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) surprising /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) vertical /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) excellent /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
28. The word "site" in line 22 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) example /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) location /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) development /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) characteristic /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
29. Why does the author mention the specimen preserved in the birth canal (line 26)? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) To illustrate that the embryo fossils are quite advanced in their development /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) To explain why the fossils are well preserved /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) To indicate how the ichthyosaurs died /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) To prove that ichthyosaurs are marine animals. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
30. The word "they" in line 30 refers to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) pregnant females and young /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) quarry operations /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) the value of the fossils /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) these factors /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
31.The phrase "account for" in line 33 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) record /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) describe /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) equal /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) explain /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
32.Which of the following best expresses the relationship between the first and second paragraphs? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) The first paragraph describes a place while the second paragraph describes a field of study. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) The first paragraph defines the terms that are used in the second paragraph. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) The second paragraph describes a specific instance of the general topic discussed in the first paragraph. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) The second paragraph presents information that contrasts with the information given in the first paragraph. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
33.Where in the passage does the author mentions the variety of fossils found at Holzmaden? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) Line 1 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) Lines 3-5 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) Lines 12-13 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) Lines 19-21 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Questions 34-41 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
The Lewis and Clark expedition, sponsored by President /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Jefferson, was the most important official examination of the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
high plains and the Northwest before the War of 1812. The /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
President's secretary, Captain Meriwether Lewis, had been /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
instructed to "explore the Missouri River, and such principal /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
streams of it as, by its course and communication with the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
waters of the Pacific Ocean …may offer her most direct and /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
practicable water communication across the continent, for the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
purposes of commerce." Captain William Clark, the younger /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
brother of famed George Rogers Clerk, was invited to share /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
the command of the exploring party. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Amid rumors that there were prehistoric mammoths /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
wandering around the unknown region and that somewhere in its /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent, /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
the two captains set out. The date was May 14, 1804. Their /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
point of departure was the mouth of the Wood River, just /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
across the Mississippi from the entrance of the Missouri River. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
After toiling up the Missouri all summer, the group wintered /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
near the Mandan villages in the center of what is now North /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Dakota. Resuming their journey in the spring of 1805, the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
men worked their way along the Missouri to its source and /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
then crossed the mountains of western Montana and Idaho. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Picking up a tributary of the Columbia River, they continued /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
westward until they reached the Pacific Ocean, where they /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
stayed until the following spring. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Lewis and Clark brought back much new information, /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
including the knowledge that the continent was wider than /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
originally supposed. More specifically, they learned a good deal /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
about river drainages and mountain barriers. They ended /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
speculation that an easy coast-to-coast route existed via the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Missouri-Columbia River systems, and their reports of the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
climate, the animals and birds, the trees and plants, and the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
Indians of the West – though not immediately published – /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
were made available to scientists. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
34.With what topic is the passage primarily concerned? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) The river systems of portions of North America. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) Certain geological features to the North American continent. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) An exploratory trip sponsored by the United States government. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) The discovery of natural resources in the United States. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
35.According to the passage, the primary purpose of finding a water route across the continent was to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) gain easy access to the gold and other riches of the Northwest /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) become acquainted with the inhabitants of the West. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) investigate the possibility of improved farmland in the West. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) facilitate the movement of commerce across the continent /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
36.The river Meriwether Lewis was instructed to explore was the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) Wood /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) Missouri /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) Columbia /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) Mississippi /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
37.According to the passage, the explorers spent their first winter in what would become /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) North Dakota /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) Missouri /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) Montana /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) Idaho /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
38.The author states that Lewis and Clark studied all of the following characteristics of the explored territories EXCEPT /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) mineral deposits /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) the weather /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) animal life /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) native vegetation /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
39.The phrase "Picking up" in line 23 could best be replaced by which of the following? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) Searching for /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) Following /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) Learning about /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) Lifting /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
40.It can be inferred from the passage that prior to the Lewis and Clark expedition the size of the continent had been /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) of little interest /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) underestimated /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) known to native inhabitants of the West /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) unpublished but known to most scientists /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
41.Wherer in the passage does the author refer to the explorers' failure to find an easy passageway to the western part of the continent? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) Lines1-3 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) Lines7-8 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) Lines16-18 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) Lines21-24 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜

Questions 42-50 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
For a century and a half the piano has been one of the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
most popular solo instruments for Western music. Unlike /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
string and wind instrument, the piano is completely self- /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
sufficient, as it is able to play both the melody and its /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
accompanying harmony at the same time. For this reason, it /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
became the favorite household instrument of the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
nineteenth century. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
The ancestry of the piano can be traced to the early key /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
board instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries – the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
spinet, the dulcimer, and the virginal. In the seventeenth /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
eighteenth century. The clavichord's tone was metallic and /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
never powerful; nevertheless, because of the variety of tone /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
possible to it, many composers found the clavichord a sympa /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
-thetic instrument for intimate chamber music. The harpsichord /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
with its bright, vigorous tone was the favorite instrument /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
for supporting the bass of the small orchestra of the period and /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
for concert use but the character of the tone could not be /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
varied save by mechanical or structural devices. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
The piano was perfected in the early eighteenth century /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
by a harpsichord maker in Italy (though musicologists point /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
out several previous instances of the instrument). This instrument /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
was called a piano eforte(soft and loud), to indicate its /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
dynamic versatility; its strings were struck by a recoiling hammer /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
with a felt-padded head. The wires were much heavier /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
in the earlier instruments. A series of mechanical improvements /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
continuing well into the nineteenth century, including /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality, /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
a sharp, percussive brilliance. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
42. What does the passage mainly discuss? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) The historical development of the piano /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) The quality of tone produced by various keyboard instruments /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) The uses of keyboard instruments in various types of compositions /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) The popularity of the piano with composers /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
43. Which of the following instruments was widely used before the seventeenth century? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) The harpsichord /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) The spinet /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) The clavichord /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) The organ /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
44. The words "a supremacy" in line 12 are closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) a suggestion /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) an improvement /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) a dominance /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) a development /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
45. The word "supplanted" in line 13 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) supported /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) promoted /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) replaced /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) dominated /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
46. The word "it" in line 15 refers to the /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) variety /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) music /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) harpsichord /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) clavichord /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
47. According to the passage, what deficiency did the harpsichord have? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) It was fragile /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) It lacked variety in tone. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) It sounded metallic. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) It could not produce a strong sound. /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
48. Where in the passage does the author provide a translation? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) Lines 4-5 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) Lines 13-15 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) Lines 18-19 /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) Lines 20-25

/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
49. According to the information in the third paragraph, which of the following improvements made it possible to lengthen the tone produced by the piano? /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) The introduction of pedals /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) The use of heavy wires /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) The use of felt-padded hammerheads /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) The metal frame construction /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
50. The word "myriad" in line 32 is closest in meaning to /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
/~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(A) noticeable /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(B) many /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(C) loud /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜
(D) unusual /~ß13·†forum.pre-mbaclub.com‘¦WIø±Ӓ˜