[六级] 12月英语六级短文改错冲刺

Part IV Reading Comprehension ( Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are requested to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

　　Once the world embraced the automobile, the days of depending on horses, bicycles, ferries, and trains quickly slipped into the past. People were __47__ with the speed of the automobile but they were also enjoying the personal freedom that the automobile gave them. Owning a car gave people the freedom to go anyplace a road __48__. This allowed people to travel at anytime and at their own __49__. This independence gave the car a popular edge over buses and trains.


　　The popularity of the automobile made it the __50__ of the transportation system. The automobile changed our lives when it created a giant industry that offered more and more jobs. The automobile made it possible for people to live in areas __51__ from their work place. This caused cities to grow and made suburban living more convenient. Of course, with more places to go, more __52__ roads had to be built. The automobile caused a __53__ effect. Jobs increased, industries grew, new industries developed, and cities appeared. Today the automobile industry continues to offer many __54__. Jobs are plentiful in this industry and improvements continue to be made to the automobile with new technologies.

　　We have come a long way from that first __55__ carriage because of the cooperative efforts of many people in the last century. It will be interesting to see what the future holds for the automobile. We have already seen signs of the use of solar energy in this area. As long as man has a brain, the future of the automobile is __56__.

　　A) backbone I) opportunities

　　B) infinite J) snowball

　　C) further K) definite

　　D) background L) developed

　　E) led M) farther

　　F) enjoyed N) impressed

　　G) horseless O) pace

　　H) developing

　　Part IV Reading Comprehension ( Reading in Depth)


　　47. N 48. E 49. O 50. A 51. M 52. L 53. J 54. I 55. G 56. B

1) 分句法
　　把原文中一个单词或短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。或干脆把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子。

　　例1 八月中旬，修理组人员在骄阳下工作。

　　译文: It was in mid-August,and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.(一个单句拆分成了一个并列复合句)

　　例2 他为人单纯而坦率。

　　译文: He was very clean.His mind was open. (一个单句拆分成两个简单句了)

　　例3 The mother might have spoken with understandable pride of her child.

　　译文: 母亲谈到她的孩子时，也许有自豪感，这是可以理解的。(形容词被拆开)

　　例4 I wrote four books in the first three years ,a record never touched before.

　　译文: 我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。(名词短语拆开)

　　2)合句法

　　把原文中两个或以上的简单句，主从复合句或并列复合句等译成一个单句。

　　例5 她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。

　　译文:She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.(多个简单句合成一个单句)

　　例6 他们有遵守交通规则，机器出了故障。

　　译文：His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.(并列复合句合成一个单句)

　　例7 When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.

　　译文：我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。(主从复合句合成一个单句)

　　3) 正译法

　　就汉译英而言，就是把句子按照与汉语相同的表达方式译成英语。

　　例1 我们强烈反对公司的新政策。

　　译文: We strongly object the company’s new policy.

　　例2 人不可貌相。

　　译文: We cannot judge a person by his appearance.

　　4)反译法

　　就汉译英而言，就是把句子按照与汉语相反的表达方式译成英语。

　　例3 酒吧间只有五个顾客还没有走。

　　译文:Only five consumers remained in the bar.

　　例4 这台机器一点儿也不复杂。

　　译文：This machine is far from being complicated.

　　由上可见，正译法和反译法主要体现在汉语里是否使用“不”、“非”、“无”、“没有”、“未”、“否”等字眼，或是在英语里是否使用no, not等词或带有dis- ，im- ，in- ，un- ， -less等带否定含义的词缀。读者也可将例1，例2试着用反译法表达出来。结果就是：We strongly disapprove the company’s new policy.和 Appearances are deceptive. 至于两种译法得出的两个译文究竟哪一个更好，就要看译文是否准确规范，简练精辟，是否符合该语言使用者的表达习惯了。

　　5) 顺序法

　　顺序法翻译不改变原文表达语序，不会影响对原文内容的理解。

　　例1 即使在我们关掉床头灯甜甜地进入梦乡时，电仍然为我们工作：开动电冰箱，把水加热，或使室内空调机继续运转。

　　译文: Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep , electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.

　　在句子中，句子前半部分是一个让步状语从句，后半句的“开动”，“加热”，“使……运转”都是“电在为我们工作”的具体内容。因而在译文中，译者将这三个并行动作处理成了V-ing 形式，补充说明working的内容。译文按照原句的语序完全传达了原文的意思，采用顺序法翻译，达到了“精确，通顺”的目的。

　　例2 It was a Saturday evening, when Tom was lying on the bench of the school listening to a blackbird and composing a lyric, that he saw the girls running among the trees, with the red-cheeked Joe in swift pursuit.

　　译文: 那是周六的傍晚，汤姆正躺在学校的长凳上，一面听画眉鸟唱歌，一面写一首抒情诗，忽然看见女孩子们在树林里奔跑，后面紧跟着那红脸的乔。

　　原句里一连串出现了一系列的动词如：lying, listening, composing, saw，这是按汤姆进行这些动作的先后顺序来描述的，如果在译文中打乱这些顺序，就反而会显得凌乱，没有逻辑。

　　6)逆序法

　　逆序法根据目标语使用者表达习惯与目标语读者的认知能力，按原文语序反向翻译，以便更好地传达原文的内容。

　　例3 他经常做礼拜的时候，总坐在固定的座位上，可是那天他们发现他不坐在老地方。

　　请读者比较下面两句译文，你认为哪一句较好？

　　译文1:When he attended worship, he always took a certain seat, but they found that he took a different one that day.

　　译文2:They remarked how he took a different seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attend worship.

　　两种译文都忠实传达了原文内容。第一种为顺序翻译，第二种为逆序翻译。第一种显得有些冗长拖沓，且前后简单句主语不一致(前半句主语为he，后半句主语是they)，给人表述混乱之感。第二种由于采用了逆序法将原句意思用一个复合句表达出来，内容清晰，结构紧凑。

　　顺序法和逆序法主要是针对翻译长句而言，六级新题型汉译英题不会涉及此类译法，但作为翻译策略之一，应有所了解。