2008赢得高分！六级写作讲义--结构篇

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monster 2008-08-17 20:41 | 只看楼主 树型| 收藏| 小中大 1 ^#

2008赢得高分！六级写作讲义--结构篇

本文来自新东方名师的课堂讲义，名师总结了历年四、六级考试写作的题型；并对文章结构和句子结构的写作进行了阐述，现将其整理如下，供大家参考。希望对大家的四，六级写作有帮助。

一、题型分类 (Classification of every essay):

1、对比观点话题:
题型特点：
1) 大多为三点提纲，提纲模式一般为：有一些人……；还有人……；我的看法或观点；
2) 少数时候也会出现两点提纲的情况，此时可以补充成三点提纲来写作。
历年真题：
2000.6； 1999.6； 1998.6； 1997.6； 1996.1；1995.6；1993.6； 1993.1

2、社会热点话题:
题型特点：
1) 应该为三点提纲，但是通常以两点提纲出现的题目居多，所涉及主题为当时社会热点；
2) 如果是两点提纲，则补充成三点提纲写作。
3) 通常模式为：现象概述--细节（原因、危害、方式等）--自我评论
历年真题：
2002.12； 2000.12； 2000.1； 1999.1； 1997.12； 1995.1；

3、图标题:
题型特点：
1) 以图表作为信息来源的写作模式
2) 通常模式为：描述图表--解释原因--自我评论
历年真题：
2003.6; 2000.6； 1996.6； 1992.1； 1991.6

4、书信题:
题型特点：
1) 写书信
历年真题：
2001.6； 2002.1；

5、谚语格言题:
题型特点：
1) 文章题目为一句格言或谚语
2) 通常模式为：解释谚语--举例论证--画龙点睛
历年真题：
1997.1；

二、文章的逻辑结构：

一）典型的对比观点文章的逻辑结构：

(启)Paragraph I:
1) 引出将要评论的事物或者是观点；
2) 简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。

(承)Paragraph II:
1) 提出一种观点或优点；
2) 本段的支持性分论点；
3) 本段总结(可以省略)。

(转)Paragraph III:
1) 承上启下的过渡句；
2) 提出另一种观点或缺点；
3) 本段的支持性分论点
4) 本段总(可以省略)。

(合)Paragraph IV:
1) 平衡两种看法；
2) 给出自己的观点。

二）图表题文章写作逻辑结构：

Paragraph I:
1) 描述图表：趋势描写；
2) 描述图表：必要数据支持（细节性）。

Paragraph II:
1) 提出自己理由和观点；
2) 细节性分论点（支持自己观点）。

Paragraph III:
1) 预测未来和提出解决方法；
2) 总结全文和表达作者自己观点。

图表题文章有用的表达方式有:

1) According to the graph 如图所示，还可以说成 As can be seen from the graph
2) steep rise 陡然上升，
steady decrease 缓慢下降

三）书信题写作五点基本结构

开门见山说意图
咨询建议一二三
不同内容可分段
感谢客气不可少
期盼回信成老套

开头段：

1. 告知对方你的身份（假如对方不认识你）
1) Dear Sir/Mr. Prometheus,
2) I was a student at your college, enrolled in Philosophy Department.
3) I am a … at your …
4) I am a … at your college, enrolled in the … course.
5) My name is …, I am ….

2. 问候收信人（假如他/她是你的朋友）
1) Dear Prometheus,
2) Hello/Hi. How are you? / I hope everything is fine. / How are things going with you?
/ How are you getting on in……?

3. 解释写信的原因
(1). 致谢：
1) I deeply appreciate your courtesy and I hope to reciprocate your favor when the opportunity arises.
2) I am greatly indebted to you for (the double) you have gone to on my behalf.
3) Thank you for your letter about studying in Canada.
4) I am writing to you to express my heartfelt gratitude.
5) I am writing to tell you how grateful I am for…….
6) I would like to thank you most sincerely for…….

monster 最后编辑于 2008-08-17 20:42:03

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monster

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monster 2008-08-17 20:41 | 只看楼主 树型| 收藏| 小中大 2 ^#

回复：2008六级写作讲义--结构篇

(2). 抱怨：
1) I am writing to complain about the poor service at your dining-room.
2) I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with/at …
3) I wish to make a complaint about…….
4) I am writing to draw your attention to…….
5) I am afraid I have got a complaint about…….

(3). 致歉：
1) I would be grateful if you would be so kind as to provide me with certain essential information regarding the following aspects.
2) I am writing to you because I am unable to…….
3) I am terribly sorry that…….
4) I would like to express my apologies for not being able to…….

(4). 询问：
1) I would like to obtain/request/seek/inquire about some information about…
2) I am writing to ask if you can do me a favor.
3) I would like some detailed information on/about……

结尾段：

1. 发出请求
1) Please give this matter your immediate attention.
2) I would very much appreciate it if……as soon as possible.
3) Please render me some valuable advice which is conducive to my final decision.

2. 提供帮助
1) I hope these ……will be helpful, and please feel free to contact me for more information.
2) ……will be taking over responsibility for you and if you should need any assistance, she/he will be pleased to help you.

3. 再次表示歉意或感激
1) Thank you for your kind assistance.
2) Please accept my heartfelt thanks and deepest gratitude, now and always.
3) I am sorry that I cannot……, and trust that you will understand.
4) In addition, let me apologize for any inconvenience I may have caused.
5) I shall feel obliged by a reply at your earliest convenience.
6) Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.

4. 期盼回信
1) I look forward to your prompt response.
2) Looking forward to a prompt reply.
3) I expect to hear from you very soon.
4) I hope to receive your reply shortly.
5) I am already eagerly awaiting your reply to this first letter.

各类文章主体句式(Body)总结如下：

1. 原因结果
例：There are probably +[many\several\three]+[resons\causes]+ for this +[dramatic\marked]+[increase\decline\change]+ in...

2. 比较对照
例：[There is no doubt that\Obviously,]+ it has [its\both]+[drawbacks\disadvantages\negative effects]+[as well as\and]+[merits\advantages\positive effects]...

3. 例证
例：We may +[cite\quote\mention\take\point out]+[a single\a common\another]+ example of...

4. 事实
例：No one can +[deny\doubt\ignor\overlook]+ the +[bare\hard\essential\profound]+ fact that...

5. 数据调查
例：A +[recent\new\nationwide]+[study\survey\poll\investigation]+[conducted\taken]+[at a factory\by officials]...

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monster

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monster 2008-08-17 20:42 | 只看楼主 树型| 收藏| 小中大 3 ^#

回复：2008六级写作讲义--结构篇

6. 权威（专家）
例：As one +[scientist\writer\doctor\psychologist]+[wrote\commented\pointed out\noted], ...

7. 分析
例：It seems +[quite\almost]+[(un)likely\(im)possible\(in)credible\(in)conceivable]+ that...

文章的整体结构框架搭建好，再填入精炼的句子和优美的词汇表达，相信你一定会写出优美的文章！赢得高分！

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monster

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monster 2008-08-17 20:43 | 只看楼主 树型| 收藏| 小中大 4 ^#

常用表达篇

本文来自新东方名师的课堂讲义，名师总结了写作中能常用到的一些词语，现将其整理如下，希望对大家的四，六级写作有帮助。

一、表达万能理由 (Omnipotence)：

1、方便：convenient/convenience
2、效率：efficient/efficiently/efficiency
3、节省和浪费：save time/money/space; economical, thrift, waste time/money/space; costly, lavish
4、人的心理健康：independent, cooperative, competitive, considerate, confident, creative, sociable, perseverance; selfish, isolated, conservative
5、人的身体健康：health, disease, strong, strength, energetic
6、娱乐：colorful, pleasure, joy, recreation, entertainment, relax, tired, boring, lonely
7、环境：environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty
8、安全和危险：safe, danger, risk
9、经验：experience, social experience, enter the society
10、人际：humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely

二、基本表达(Basic Elements of English Writing)：

1、越来越：be increasingly + adj., be on the rise, the growing number of
2、人们认为：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that
3、许多问题：a host of/a number of problems
4、引起人们注意：claim call/attract general/public/world attention to sth.
5、意识到：there is a growing awareness/realization of/that, awaken sb. to the fact/danger
6、适应新的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change
7、接触各种思想/经历：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems
8、接触社会：come into frequent/close contact with the world/society
9、获得成功：achieve/accomplish success
10、提出观点/建议：advance / put forward / come up with the arguments/ideas/suggestions
11、作出努力：make tremendous/persistent/sustained effort to do sth., take great pains to do(with work/study)
12、影响学习/工作：interfere with studies/work
13、产生影响：have/exert a profound influence on life/personality, have a dramatic/undesirable effect on
14、较好地驾驭生活：be a better pilot of one's life
15、剥夺机会/权力：deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity
16、取代就的方式：substitute for/take the place of the old way
17、采取措施：take effective steps/measures to
18、控制我们的环境：take/gain increasing control over our own environment
19、躲避危险/挑战：shy/run away from the dangers/challenge
20、满足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of
21、补偿损失：compensate for/make up for the loss/damage
22、解释某现象：account for/explain the phenomenon
23、对……很好的了解：have a better understanding/appreciation of, have a new perspective on. provide/gain an insight into
24、把某因素考虑进去：take sth. Into account(consideration), give much thought to
25、品位人生/自由/青春：savor the life/freedom/youth
26、培养对……的信心：develop/foster one's interest/confidence in
27、经历变化/困难/艰险：undergo/experience great changes/hardships/experience
28、表现出自信心等：project one's confidence/feeling/image
29、生活充满不公正的地方：life is full of minor irritation/injustice
30、追求学习/职业：pursue one's academic interest/professional career
31、学习知识/技术：pursue/acquire knowledge/technology/skill
32、被看作学习的……榜样：be held up as a good example
33、交流经验/知识：share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge
34、发挥/起到重要作用：play an (important/active/great) role/part
35、逃学/缺课：skip school/a class/a meeting/a lecture
36、知识/经验丰富：rich in knowledge/experience
37、确立/追求目标：set/pursue a goal/higher standard
38、到达目标：achieve/accomplish/stain the goal/aim/objective
39、克服困难：overcome obstacles/difficulty
40、面临危险/困难：be confronted/faced with/in the face of danger/difficulty
41、阻碍了成功：stand in the way of success, be an obstacle/barrier to success/growth
42、阻碍了发展：hamper/impede/stunt the development of
43、持传统的看法：hold conventional wisdom
44、发表看法：voice/express one's opinion
45、持相反/合理的观点：take the opposite/fresh view
46、揭穿某种一贯的说法：shatter the myth of
47、求得帮助：enlist one's support/help
48、缩小差别：bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf (between city and country)
49、把成功/错误归咎于：attribute/own the success/failure to
50、对……重要：be indispensable/important/vital to
51、施加压力：put/exert a academic pressure on
52、重视：assign/attach much importance/significance to
53、强调：place/put much emphasis/stress/value on
54、把注意力集中在：focus/concentrate one's attention/efforts/thoughts upon
55、提供机会/信息：provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb.
56、抓住机会：grab/seize/take the opportunity
57、得到机会：enjoy/gain access to a opportunity/information
58、有可能：there is (little/much) possibility/likelihood that, chances/the odds are that
59、展开竞争：compete against/with sb. for the prize/position/control/the mastery of
60、开展运动：conduct(carryon/undertake/initiate/launch/wage) a (vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising) campaign (for/against)
61、对我很有/没有什么意义：make much/little sense to me
62、带来无穷的幸福/满足：be a source of happiness satisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint
63、献身于：devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a cause/career
64、大不（没什么）两样：make much(little/no) difference
65、真正重要的是：what really matters/accounts is …
66、改变生活旅程：change/alter the course of life
67、建立在大量的学习/实践上：built on tremendous amount of study/practice
68、进行调查/执行任务：conduct/carry out an study/task/experiment
69、辞去工作/学习：leave/quit one's job/work/school
70、参加考试/竞赛等：enter (for) the examination/contest, race
71、参加活动/讨论：take part/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/discussion
72、影响思想/态度/事件的形成：shape one's thinking/attitude
73、进入大学/社会/家庭/劳力市场/职业：enter a school/college/society/the work force/professionals
74、实现自己的理想/愿望：realize/fulfill/achieve one's dream(hops/wish/desire)
75、减轻压力/紧张：reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension
76、提高社会地位：enhance/improve/upgrade social status/position/standing rise to the position of leadership
77、提高技术/能力：sharpen (increase/improve/enhance/boost) one's skill/ability
78、加快/促进发展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boost the development of
79、随着生活节奏的加快：with the quickening pace/rhythm/tempo of modern life/society
80、开阔眼界/兴趣：broaden one's interest/outlook, expand(broaden/enlarge) one's mental horizons
81、有助于了解/发展/宣传/解决：contribute much/little/greatly/to a better understanding of/the popularity of/the growth of/the solution of
82、有助于解决问题：go a long way to(towards) solving the problem
83、迷恋名利/分数：be obsessed/preoccupied with grades/fame/fortune
84、把时间花/浪费在：spend/waste time doing sth., put in hours doing sth.
85、利用机会/技术：make (full/better) use of/take advantage of opportunity/time, tap/harness technology potential/skills/talent
86、把知识/经验运用到…：apply/put the theory/knowledge/experience… to practice/daily life/good use
87、取得进步：make much progress/strides/gains in
88、充分发挥潜力/能力：develop one's ability/potential to the full, give full play to one's ability
89、充满激情/渴望：have a burning desire/a great passion for

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2008赢得高分！六级写作讲义--结构篇

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常用表达篇