《托福高阶词汇》LIST8
fluctuate v.波动；变动
同alternate, wave
Some investors panic when stock prices fluctuate wildly.
当股票价格大幅波动时,一些投资者便开始恐慌起来。
gainsay v.否认
同deny, disagree
There was no gainsaying the astronomer's knowledge about the planets.
这位天文学家对于行星的知识是毋庸置疑的。
*astronomer n.天文学家
hybrid n.混种；混血儿
同half-breed, mixture
Scientists have developed a hybrid of rice that is more resistant to diseases and insects.
科学家已开发出一种对疾病与虫害更具抵抗力的杂交水稻。
idiom n.习语；惯用语
同expression, phrase
When studying a foreign language, idioms are often the most difficult thing to learn.
学习外语时，习语常是其中最难学的部分。
Inappropriate adj.不适合的
同unsuitable, improper, unfit, incongruous
This movie is very violent and is inappropriate for children to watch.
这部电影暴力倾向严重，不适合儿童观看。
innocuous adj.无害的
同harmless, inoffensive, vapid, insipid, innocent
I don't understand how such an innocuous children's book could cause such an uproar.
我不明白为何这本对儿童无害的书竟会引起如此的骚动。
*uproar n.骚动
jerk n.拉扯
同twitch, pull, yank
I felt a jerk on my sleeve, then realized it was just a tree branch.
我觉得有人拉我的袖子，后来发现只不过是树枝而已。
laconic adj.简洁的
同concise, compact, pithy, short, succinct
Henry's date was very laconic, only saying two sentences the entire evening.
亨利的约会十分简洁，整晚他只说了两句话。
lumber n.木材
同wood, timber, logs
A lot of lumber was needed to build the Smith's new house.
建造史密斯的新家需要大量木材。
magnify v.放大
同enlarge, expand, amplify, augment
Danny used a lens to magnify the tiny insect.
丹尼利用镜片来放大那只微小的昆虫。*lens n. (pl.)镜片 转
《托福高阶词汇》LIST9
prickly adj.麻烦的
同complicated, troublesome, intricate, trying
She doesn't know how to deal with the prickly problem of inviting her ex-boyfriend to her wedding.
她不知道该如何处理邀请前任男友参加婚礼这种麻烦问题。
querulous adj.爱抱怨的；发牢骚的
同complaining, discontented, fretful
The child's querulous questions were driving me crazy.
那小孩所抱怨的问题快令我发疯了。
radical adj.①基本的②偏激的
同1.basic, fundamental 2.extreme, rash, drastic
There was a radical difference between the two professors' theories.
这两位教授的理论有根本的不同。
relinquish v.放弃；撤退
同give up, forgo, disclaim, renounce
Nora was not willing to relinquish her high paying job for more free time.
诺拉不愿意为了拥有更多的空闲时间而放弃高薪的工作。
retard v.阻碍
同delay, hold up, stunt, impede
Lack of sunlight will retard the growth of most plants.
缺乏阳光会妨碍大多数植物的生长。
saline adj.咸的同salty
Ocean water is so saline that you cannot drink it.
海水太咸而不能饮用。
sequel n.续集同consequence, continuation
Scarlett is the immensely popular sequel to Gone with the Wind.
《斯嘉丽》是《飘》极受欢迎的续集。
slogan n.标语；口号
同motto, catch-phrase
The advertising company had to come up with a good slogan for the new brand of soda.
广告公司必须为这种新牌子的汽水想一个很好的广告语。
spontaneous adj.自然的
同natural, impulsive, ingenuous, instinctive
Thesgroupsof children on the bus began a spontaneous singing of songs.
公交车上的那群小孩很自然地唱起歌来。
strenuous adj.费力的；奋斗的
同energetic, ardent, arduous, vigorous
Ralph was not used to strenuous exercise, and hiking up the hill exhausted him.
拉尔夫不习惯费力的运动，所以登山使他筋疲力尽。
《托福高阶词汇》LIST10

abate v.减弱
同diminish, lessen, subside, reduce, curtail
The rain did not abate the crowd's enthusiasm for the baseball game.
下雨并没有消减观众看棒球比赛的热情。
adhere v.粘附；附着
同stick, cling, cleave, attach, cohere
If the surface is wet, the tape will not adhere to it.
如果表面是湿的，胶带就粘不住。
alternate v.交替；轮流
同rotate, reciprocate, interchange, take turns
Dan and Mike alternated washing the dishes every night.
丹和迈克每天晚上轮流洗碗。
aptly adv.适当地
同appropriately, properly, suitably, fittingly
The breathtaking green valley below was aptly named Beautiful Valley.
下面那令人赞叹的翠绿色山谷的名字取得很贴切，叫美丽山谷。
banal adj.陈腐的
同common, trite, stereotyped, stale, hackneyed, cliched
Chris' banal advice was no help to us in solving our problem.
克里斯陈腐的劝告对于解决我们的问题完全没有帮助。
campaign n.活动；战役
同operation, movement, battle, fight, combat
The campaign to end poverty in the country is far from over.
该国想要消灭贫困的行动远没有结束。
cluster n.聚集同clump, bunch, batch
The tree had clusters of white flowers at the end of each branch.
那棵树的每根树枝的末端都长着一丛白花。
Compute v.计算
同count, estimate, calculate, measure, reckon, figure
Darla had to compute exactly how many chairs and tables would be needed for all the dinner guests.
达拉必须准确计算出所有晚餐宾客所需的桌椅数目。
《托福高阶词汇》LIST11
flush v.①脸红②逐出
同1.blush, redden 2.eject, expel
When she smiled at him, his face flushed bright red.
当她对他微笑时，他的脸涨得通红。
gallant adj.勇敢的
同brave, daring, courageous
A gallant man jumpedsintosthe river to save the drowning child.
一名勇敢的男子跳进河里搭救那个溺水的小孩。
halt v.停止
同pull up, stop, pause
The soldiers at the border halted the travelers to check their passports.
驻守边界的士兵把游客拦下来，检查他们的护照。
idolize v.崇拜
同admire, worship, adore
Jackie idolizes her math teacher and wants to be just like her.杰姬崇拜她的数学老师，想成为和她一样的人。
incessant adj.不断的同continuous, constant, ceaseless, continual, everlasting
The incessant barking of my neighbor's dog kept me awake at night.
邻居的狗不停地叫，使我整夜无法入睡。
inordinate adj.不节制的；过度的
同excessive, immoderate, intemperate, exorbitant
Doctors have reported an inordinate number of patients with the flu this winter.
医生们报告说今年冬天有很多人罹患流行性感冒。
jettison v.丢弃；放弃
同cast, throw, hurl, abandon, give up
The ship's captain ordered that all extra cargo be jettisoned to prevent the ship from sinking.
船长下令把所有多余的货物都扔掉，以免船只沉没。
lament v.哀悼同deplore, bemoan, bewail
Everyone in the neighborhood lamented the death of my Uncle Robert.
附近的每个人都对罗伯特叔叔的死表示哀悼。
luminous adj.发光的
同bright, radiant, shining
We looked up in the night sky and saw something luminous, which we thought was a UFO.
我们仰望夜空，看见一个发光体，我们认为那是飞碟。
《托福高阶词汇》LIST12
prorogue v.休会
同adjourn, postpone
The legislature moved to prorogue the present session.
立法机关提议停止目前的会议。
quest n.探求同search, expedition, pursuit
Many explorers' quests to find the source of the Mekong River were unsuccessful.
许多探险家想探寻湄公河的源头，但都没有成功。
raid n.袭击
同attack, invasion, assault, inroad, incursion
The general led a raid on the enemy's camp.
将军率军袭击敌营。
relish①v.喜欢；享受②n.美味；喜爱
同1.enjoy, appreciate 2.taste, flavor, gusto, savor
Paul and Wanda relished the time they had off from work.
保罗和旺达喜欢休假不用上班的日子。
retort v.反驳同respond, reply, answer, retaliate
Amy retorted that she was not the one who left the dirty dishes in the sink.
艾米反驳说，不是她把脏盘子留在水池里的。
salutary adj.有益健康的；有益的
同wholesome, helpful, salubrious, healthful
Tina's losing the long distance race was actually salutary because it made her practice harder.
蒂娜输掉这场长跑比赛也有好处，因为这会使她更加努力练习。
serene adj.宁静的
同calm, peaceful, composed, tranquil, pacific
David finds the sound of ocean waves very serene.
戴维发现海浪的声音非常宁静。
sluggish adj.迟缓的；怠惰的
同idle, indolent, lazy, inactive, lethargic
The medicine Gary took for his cold made him feel sluggish.
加里吃了感冒药，变得有点反应迟钝。
sporadic adj.零星的
同occasional, irregular
Sporadic loss of memory is common in old age.
人老后偶尔忘东忘西是常有的事。
strident adj.粗糙的；尖锐的
同harsh, shrill, rough, sharp
Larry's strident voice was difficult to listen to for more than five minutes.
拉里粗哑的声音让人听五分钟就受不了。
《托福高阶词汇》LIST13
Abbreviate v.缩减
同shorten, reduce, condense, abridge
Scott abbreviated his speech, so he would not bore anyone.
斯科特缩减了他的演讲，以免让人感到厌烦。
adjacent adj.邻接的
同adjoining, bordering, neighboring, contiguous
Nick's house is adjacent to a large park.
尼克的家与一个大公园毗邻。
alternative n.选择
同choice, option, selection, substitute
Fred felt he had very few alternatives in choosing a career.
弗瑞德觉得他在职业上的选择余地很小。
arbitrary adj.①武断的；专制的②随意的
同1.dictatorial, subjective, domineering 2.random, capricious
The boss' arbitrary demands on his staff were unbearable.
老板专制的命令让职员无法忍受。
avocation n.副业；嗜好
同diversion, hobby, occupation, pastime
Louis' avocation as a ski instructor gradually became his full-time employment.
滑雪教练一职已从路易斯的副业逐渐变成他的全职了。
candidate n.候选人
同nominee, office-seeker, applicant, aspirant
Teresa has decided to become a candidate for mayor of our town.
特雷萨已决定作为候选人参加本镇镇长的竞选。
coagulate v.凝结
同solidify, jell, congeal, clot, curdle
The blood around the wound began to coagulate, slowing the loss of blood.伤口边的血开始凝结，减缓了血液的流失。
conceal v.隐藏
同hide, cover, secrete, stow
The brothers tried to conceal the puppy from their parents, but it was soon discovered.
这几个兄弟试图把小狗藏起来不让父母看到，但不久小狗就被发现了。
contiguity n.邻接
同juxtaposition, abutment, union, meeting
Our apartment building's contiguity to a supermarket is very convenient.
我们的公寓和超级市场相邻，购物相当方便。
daze v.使晕眩；使困惑
同dazzle, confuse, stum
The math problem dazed all of the students in the class.
这道数学题难倒了全班学生。
《托福高阶词汇》LIST14
foamy adj.起泡沫的
同bubbling, sparkling
The storm had made the ocean waves hitting the shore rough and foamy.暴风雨使得海浪大力地冲击着岸边，激起了层层泡沫。
garment n.衣服
同clothing, robe, costume, attire, dress
Charles decided to have several garments made by a local tailor.
查尔斯决定让本地的裁缝做几件衣服。
handicap v.妨碍
同penalize, hamper, encumber
A sore right arm handicapped Laura's tennis playing.
酸痛的右臂妨碍了劳拉打网球。
ignite v.①点燃②煽动
同1.kindle, catch, fire 2.agitate, stir, excite
A carelessly thrown, lit cigarette ignited the house fire.
一个随意丢弃的烟蒂使这座房子起火了。
ingenuous adj.率直的
同frank, trustful, plain, innocent
It was his ingenuous smile that won Deborah's heart.
是他率直的微笑赢得了黛博拉的芳心。
inquiry n.查询；调查
同search, research, quest, investigation, inspection
The police led an inquiry to try to find the stolen paintings.
警方展开调查，试图找出被盗的画。
jocular adj.滑稽的；诙谐的
同joking, funny, jocose, humorous, jesting
William's jocular personality makes him a very popular person.
威廉风趣的个性使他成为广受欢迎的人。
landscape n.风景
同vista, view
Bernard's art class took a trip to the country to learn how to paint landscapes.
伯纳德到乡下去上美术课，学习如何画风景画。
lure v.诱惑
同entice, decoy, tempt, coax
Patricia was lured by the glamour of Hollywood to become an actress.帕特丽夏被好莱坞的魅力所吸引，想要成为一名演员。
*glamour n.魅力
martyr n.牺牲者
同victim, sacrifice
When the police shot the young student, she became a martyr for the democracy movement.
被警察射杀的这名年轻学生成了民主运动的牺牲者。
meticulous adj.小心翼翼的
同careful
We were meticulous in cleaning the car, washing and polishing every inch of it.
我们小心翼翼地清洗汽车，将每一寸都冲洗和打蜡。
nebulous adj.模糊的
同ambiguous, hazy
The company only had a nebulous idea of the next model of car they would manufacture.
该公司对他们下次要制造的车型只有模糊的概念。
oblivious adj.忘记的；不注意的
同forgetful, unaware of
Warren was oblivious to the yelling and fighting in the apartment next door, and continued reading his book.
沃伦对公寓内邻居的叫喊与吵闹浑然不觉，继续读他的书。
Ostensible adj.表面上的；假装的
同seeming
The ostensible reason for his trip to Greece was business, but we thought it was a vacation.
他去希腊表面的理由是出差，但我们认为那是度假。
Pallid adj.苍白的；无光泽的
同pale, bloodless, wan, sallow, white
After being sick in bed for a week, Jane still looked pallid.
卧病在床一星期后，简的脸色看起来仍然有些苍白。
perpetual adj.永久的
同everlasting, unceasing, constant, unending
The seemingly perpetual rain made us all depressed.
看上去下个不停的雨让大家都感到沮丧。
plunge v.跳进
同submerge, dive, descend, dip, sink
On a hot summer day, I like nothing better than plungingsintosa cool swimming pool.
在炎热的夏日里，我最喜欢的事莫过于跳进凉爽的游泳池里。
Exercise: Fill in the blanks.
1. That exclusive boutique is filled with beautiful _____ that I could never afford.
2. The government began an _____sintospossible vote fraud in the election.
3. The dentist _____ the child to sit in the examining chair with promises of a free toy.
4. Through _____ research, scientists found a drug that would treat the disease.
5. Doug's _____ lying has made us distrust everything he says.
解答：1. Garments 2. Inquiry 3. Lured 4. Meticulous 5. perpetual